What are the preventive measures to prevent esophageal cancer?

Esophageal cancer is a common tumor. The incidence of esophageal cancer in my country ranks among the top in the world. Its causes are diverse. Preventing the occurrence of esophageal cancer is undoubtedly the most fundamental measure to control esophageal cancer. According to the multi-stage development of esophageal cancer, namely the initiation, promotion, and evolution stages, from the perspective of etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical medical evolution, what are the preventive measures to prevent the occurrence of esophageal cancer?

1. Primary prevention Primary prevention, namely etiological prevention, is the fundamental way to reduce the incidence of esophageal cancer. It is closely related to the progress of epidemiological and etiological research. It is the most ideal method, but it is very difficult and is currently difficult to carry out comprehensively.

(1) Change the habit of eating moldy food: There is sufficient evidence that eating moldy food, especially sauerkraut, moldy steamed bread and fish sauce, is one of the important factors for the development of esophageal cancer. Therefore, we should vigorously publicize the harm of such food to human health so that people can eat less or no food. At the same time, we should encourage the planting of vegetables and fruits to increase the intake of fresh vegetables and fruits and supplement vitamin C. Moldy food, on the one hand, produces mycotoxins or metabolites, and on the other hand, promotes the internal synthesis of nitrosamines, which is the main cause of esophageal cancer. Eating more fresh vegetables or supplementing vitamin C can block the synthesis of nitrosamines in the body and reduce the nitrosamine content in the stomach, thereby reducing the exposure level of nitrosamines in the stomach. In addition, a nutritional prevention trial in Lin County found that supplementing riboflavin and niacin can reduce the incidence of esophageal cancer by 15%. At the same time, we should also actively study scientific methods for making and preserving sauerkraut to meet the traditional eating habits of local residents that have been cultivated for generations.

Change bad eating habits, do not eat moldy food, eat less or no pickled cabbage. Improve water quality and reduce the nitrite content in drinking water. Promote the use of trace element fertilizers and correct the lack of trace elements such as molybdenum in the soil. Use Chinese and Western medicines and vitamin B2 to treat esophageal epithelial hyperplasia to block the carcinogenesis process. Actively treat esophagitis, esophageal leukoplakia, achalasia, esophageal diverticulum and other diseases related to esophageal cancer. Monitor susceptible populations, popularize cancer prevention knowledge, and raise cancer prevention awareness.

(2) Grain mold prevention: Moldy grain contains a variety of carcinogenic toxins, so it is very important to actively carry out grain mold prevention and detoxification work, especially to publicize the importance of mold prevention for household grain storage. Generally, grains with a moisture content below 13% can meet the mold prevention requirements. Once the grain is found to be moldy, it should be frequently exposed to the sun, picked out before eating, washed several times and treated with alkali to effectively reduce the intake of mycotoxins.

(3) Strengthen the sanitation management of drinking water: It has been found that the nitrosamine content in water in areas with a high incidence of esophageal cancer is significantly higher than that in areas with a low incidence. Therefore, it is very important to maintain good environmental hygiene and prevent water pollution. Gradually reduce the number of areas where people drink ditch and pond water and promote the use of tap water. Ditch and pond water for drinking should also be disinfected with bleaching powder, which can significantly reduce the nitrosamine content in the water and kill other infectious bacteria.

(4) Prevention of genetic pathogenic factors: Esophageal cancer has a common family clustering phenomenon, indicating that the susceptibility to cancer in people with a family history of esophageal cancer does exist, and the monitoring of the same generation should be strengthened. If the patient is male, male monitoring should be strengthened, especially those under the age of 49. If the patient is female, female monitoring should be strengthened, especially those aged 50 to 69. Families with two or more deaths from esophageal cancer in three generations should be considered as dangerous families, and members aged 40 to 69 in these families should be considered as risk groups. Regular physical examinations, provision of preventive drugs or vitamins, and persuasion to change lifestyle habits, etc., have a certain positive significance in reducing the incidence of esophageal cancer.

2. Secondary prevention : It is impossible to completely achieve primary prevention for esophageal cancer. Since the occurrence and development of esophageal cancer takes a long time, early detection, early diagnosis and timely treatment, especially blocking the continued development of precancerous lesions, are currently feasible methods of tumor prevention.

(1) Survey: Patients aged 35 or above in high-incidence areas with a family history of esophageal cancer or esophageal epithelial hyperplasia are identified as high-risk groups and are monitored as a priority. In addition, residents aged 35 or above in high-incidence areas of esophageal cancer are screened as much as possible. The survey is mainly based on esophageal cytology. If a suspicious patient is found, an endoscopic examination should be performed as soon as possible to achieve the purpose of early diagnosis. The early manifestations of esophageal cancer, such as "swallowing discomfort", should be made known to the general public in high-incidence areas, so that patients can seek medical treatment earlier for early diagnosis and treatment.

(2) Drug prevention of precancerous lesions: Precancerous lesions of esophageal cancer mainly refer to severe hyperplasia of the esophageal epithelium. The canceration rate in the untreated group was 7.4%. The canceration rate in the treated group was significantly different from that in the untreated group, and more patients recovered to normal.

The above is some of the information I have introduced about esophageal cancer prevention. I hope it can help you. We feel very honored. The above content is for reference only and cannot be used as a basis for diagnosis and treatment. Because everyone has different physical conditions, the degree and symptoms of the disease are different, so it is recommended that all diagnosis and treatment should follow the guidance of the doctor. If you have other questions, please consult our online experts for more information.

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