How to take care of skin burns?

Skin burns are injuries to the skin caused by hot water, high temperature or flames. They can damage the soft tissue under the skin and the skin mucosa, and are prone to symptoms such as redness, swelling, blistering, ulceration and pus discharge. Burns are also divided into several degrees, and different degrees of burns have different treatments. You should pay attention to care, keep the wound clean and hygienic, eat more foods rich in calcium and protein, and try not to eat irritating foods.

First aid for burns

Principles of first aid for burns: quickly escape from the source of injury, immediately provide cold treatment, provide first aid to the nearest location, and transfer.

1. Thermal burns

Including flames, steam, high-temperature liquids, metals, etc. The commonly used methods are as follows: ① Take off the clothes that are on fire or soaked in boiling liquid as soon as possible, especially synthetic clothes, to prevent the fire or hot liquid on the clothes from continuing to act and deepen the wound. ②Put out the fire with water, or jump into a nearby pool or ditch. ③ Roll on the ground to extinguish the flames. Do not stand or run to call for help to prevent burns to the head and face or inhalation injuries. ④ Immediately leave the enclosed and poorly ventilated scene to avoid inhalation injuries and suffocation. ⑤ Use non-flammable materials to extinguish the fire. ⑥Cold therapy.

2. For chemical burns

The severity of burns is related to the nature, concentration and contact time of acids and alkalis. Therefore, no matter what kind of acid or alkali burns, they should be immediately rinsed with plenty of clean water for at least 30 minutes. On the one hand, it can dilute and remove residual acids and alkalis. On the other hand, it can serve as a form of cold therapy to relieve pain. Note that the amount of boiled water used should be large enough to quickly rinse the residual alkali from the wound. For burns on the head and face, first pay attention to the eyes, especially the cornea for burns, and rinse them first.

3. Electrical burns

During first aid, the power supply should be cut off immediately. Do not touch the patient before the power is turned off to avoid electric shock. At the same time, perform artificial respiration, cardiac massage and other treatments, and transfer the patient to the nearest hospital for further treatment.

Burn Management

Early treatment of burns includes pre-hospital emergency care (on-site first aid and transfer) and initial treatment after admission to the hospital. In general, correct early treatment can reduce the severity of burns, lower the incidence and mortality of complications, and is the basis for subsequent treatment of burn patients. It is closely related to the treatment outcome of burn patients. Pre-burn first aid includes on-site first aid and transfer. On-site first aid is the earliest link in burn treatment. Improper treatment often leads to worsening of burns or missed rescue opportunities, causing many inconveniences to treatment after admission to the hospital. A wide range of burns means a large burn area, and a long duration means a deep burn. The basic requirement for on-site first aid is to quickly terminate heat-induced injuries and emergency treatment, and take corresponding first aid measures for different causes of burns.

1. First, check for any life-threatening conditions, such as heavy bleeding, suffocation, open pneumothorax, poisoning, etc., and promptly handle and rescue them. Regardless of the cause of cardiac or respiratory arrest, chest compressions and artificial respiration should be performed immediately. The patient should be evacuated from the scene and transported after resuscitation, or transferred to the nearest medical unit for treatment.

2. Leave the scene.

3. Determine the severity of the injury, estimate the area and depth, and pay attention to whether there is inhalation injury, complex injury, or poisoning.

4. Calm and relieve pain.

5. Keep the airway open.

6. Wound treatment.

7. Treatment of complex injuries.

8. Fluid therapy.

9. Use antibiotics. In principle, local treatment is the main approach during transfer. The necessity of local treatment: the incidence of shock in critically ill burn patients is high and the onset time is early. On the issue of transferring critically ill burn patients, burn professionals have reached a basic consensus and emphasize local treatment. If there is no experience in treatment, anti-shock treatment is required before transfer to another hospital.