What is gynecological teratoma and what are its symptoms

Gynecological teratoma is a common ovarian tumor that is mostly benign and can be effectively treated with surgical removal. Symptoms of teratoma include abdominal discomfort, menstrual abnormalities, and pelvic masses, which vary depending on the size and location of the tumor.

1. The etiology of teratoma involves many factors. Genetic factors may cause abnormal differentiation of ovarian cells and form teratoma. Environmental factors such as long-term exposure to harmful substances or radiation may increase the risk of disease. Physiological factors include abnormal hormone levels, especially the imbalance of estrogen and progesterone. Trauma such as pelvic surgery or infection may also induce teratoma. Pathological factors involve abnormal proliferation of ovarian tissue, which may develop from benign to malignant.

2. Typical symptoms of teratoma include abdominal distension or dull pain, which is more obvious when the tumor is larger. Menstrual abnormalities such as irregular menstruation, increased or decreased menstrual flow may be related to changes in hormone levels. Pelvic masses can be found through physical examination or imaging examination, usually manifested as unilateral ovarian enlargement. Some patients may experience compression symptoms such as frequent urination and constipation, which are related to the compression of adjacent organs by the tumor. In a few cases, rupture or torsion of teratoma can cause acute abdominal pain and require emergency treatment.

3. The treatment of teratoma is mainly surgical, including laparoscopic surgery, laparotomy and minimally invasive surgery. Laparoscopic surgery is less invasive and has a quick recovery, and is suitable for smaller benign teratomas. Laparotomy is suitable for larger or suspected malignant tumors, and can completely remove the diseased tissue. Minimally invasive surgery combines the advantages of laparoscopy and laparotomy and is suitable for complex cases. Regular follow-up is required after surgery to monitor whether the tumor recurs. Drug therapy is mainly used to assist surgery, such as hormone regulating drugs and chemotherapy drugs, which can control hormone levels and inhibit tumor growth.

4. Dietary conditioning plays an important role in the recovery of teratoma. It is recommended to increase the intake of foods rich in antioxidants, such as fresh vegetables and fruits, which can help improve immunity. Reduce the intake of high-fat and high-sugar foods to avoid fluctuations in hormone levels. Supplement high-quality protein, such as fish and soy products, to promote tissue repair. In terms of exercise, you can choose low-intensity activities such as yoga and walking to enhance your physical fitness and avoid strenuous exercise. Psychological counseling is also very important. Through psychological counseling or support groups, you can relieve anxiety and stress and promote physical and mental recovery.

Although most gynecological teratomas are benign, they require timely diagnosis and treatment. Surgical resection is the main method. Combining diet, exercise and psychological conditioning after surgery can effectively prevent recurrence and promote recovery.