Nursing diagnosis and nursing measures for advanced gastric cancer

Gastric cancer is one of the most common tumor diseases, threatening the health of patients. Many people do not fully understand the diagnostic criteria for gastric cancer, which is very unfavorable for future treatment and rehabilitation. Therefore, let's learn about the nursing diagnosis and nursing measures for advanced gastric cancer!

Diagnosis of Gastric Cancer:

(I) Symptoms: Early symptoms include upper abdominal discomfort, which occurs in about 80% of patients, and nearly 50% of gastric cancer patients have obvious loss of appetite or loss of appetite. In the late stage, fatigue, back pain, and nausea, vomiting, and difficulty eating may occur after obstruction. Ulcers on the surface of the tumor may cause vomiting of blood and black stools.

(ii) There are no special signs in the early stage, but in the late stage, a mass may be seen in the upper abdomen. The mass may be felt during rectal examination, and the left supraclavicular lymph nodes may be enlarged. At the same time, there are cachexia symptoms such as anemia, weight loss, and ascites.

(III) Laboratory examinations for early suspected gastric cancer, low or absent free gastric acid, such as decreased hematocrit, hemoglobin, and red blood cells, occult blood in stool (+), low total hemoglobin, inverted white blood cells, etc. Abnormal tests such as water and electrolyte disorders and acid-base imbalance.

(IV) X-ray manifestations: Double contrast gastrointestinal imaging can clearly show the gastric contour, peristalsis, mucosal morphology, emptying time, filling defects, niches, etc. The accuracy of the examination is nearly 80%.

(V) Fiber endoscopy is the most direct, accurate and effective method for diagnosing gastric cancer.

(VI) Exfoliative cytology examination: Some scholars advocate this examination when clinical and X-ray examinations are suspected of gastric cancer.

(VII) B-ultrasound can be used to determine whether there is metastasis to surrounding solid organs.

(8) CT examination is used to understand the invasion of gastric tumors, their relationship with surrounding organs, and whether resection is possible.

(IX) Immunological examinations such as CEA, FSA, GCA, and YM globulin.

Gastric cancer care:

Patients should eat more nutritious, light, and easily digestible foods. Eat small and frequent meals. Pay attention to food hygiene and avoid overeating. Eat less sweets and foods that cause bloating and fried foods. Avoid smoking, drinking, and spicy foods. If symptoms such as fullness and bloating are obvious, liquid or semi-liquid food can be temporarily taken.

Eliminate possible pathogenic factors and avoid or use foods and drugs that may irritate the stomach.

Maintain a good mental state, stay calm when encountering things, be ignorant of small things, do not compete for fame or profit, and avoid negative emotions such as impatience, anger, and excitement.

Gastric cancer is divided into superficial and atrophic types. The former can be treated with sucralfate, propantheline, and gastritis mixture; the latter is often accompanied by symptoms of acid deficiency and low acidity, and can be treated with 1% dilute hydrochloric acid and pepsin mixture. Vinegar can be added to dishes as appropriate.

Patients with atrophic antral gastritis should also be urged to go to the hospital regularly for gastroscopy to detect cancer at an early stage, and should receive surgical treatment if necessary.