What is the difference between anemia and ischemia

In fact, there is a high probability that anemia will occur in female friends, because normal women have menstruation every month, and menstruation is a major factor causing anemia in women. In addition to anemia caused by menstruation, there is also anemia caused by other factors. Corresponding to anemia is a phenomenon called ischemia. What is the difference between anemia and ischemia?

There are 3 types of anemia.

One is anemia caused by lack of vitamin B12 and folic acid, called megaloblastic anemia.

The second is malnutrition anemia caused by lack of protein

Another type is iron-deficiency hypochromic anemia. It may also be due to insufficient nutrition caused by heavy metals and carbon monoxide.

Ischemia is the lack of nutrients required for hematopoiesis, such as insufficient protein, fat or vitamins.

Ischemia is one cause of anemia, but anemia is not necessarily caused by ischemia.

1. Symptoms of ischemia: palpitations

Palpitations and shortness of breath after physical activity are the most common symptoms. When anemia is severe or there is heart failure, palpitations and shortness of breath may occur even when resting. Patients with coronary artery disease may experience angina pectoris. Some patients do not usually suffer from angina pectoris, but angina pectoris may occur due to anemia which aggravates the degree of myocardial ischemia. During physical examination, a soft mid-systolic murmur can often be heard at the base or apex of the heart. People with chronic anemia often have an enlarged heart. Once the anemia is corrected, the murmur and heart enlargement may disappear. When anemia is more severe, a "high output state" may occur. The clinical characteristics of the "high output state" are: dilation of the jugular vein, increased pressure, dilation of the peripheral blood vessels manifested as collapsed pulses and capillary pulsations, warmth of the skin, and possible flushing. When myocardial compensatory function is insufficient, congestive heart failure may occur.

2. Symptoms of ischemia: dizziness

When anemia is severe, neurological symptoms are also common, especially in elderly patients. Common symptoms include dizziness, headache, tinnitus, blurred vision, black spots or stars in front of the eyes, lack of energy, fatigue and drowsiness, difficulty concentrating, slow reaction, numbness, chills or tingling in the hands and feet, etc. Severe anemia may cause fainting. If anemia occurs suddenly, the patient often becomes irritable and restless.

3. Symptoms of ischemia: weakness

Fatigue and sleepiness are caused by lack of oxygen to the muscles. The most common and earliest symptom.

4. Symptoms of ischemia: pale complexion

Pallor is the main manifestation of anemia in the skin and mucous membranes. When anemia occurs, the body redistributes the effective blood volume through neurohumoral regulation, and the blood supply to relatively minor organs such as the skin and mucous membranes is reduced; in addition, due to the decrease in the content of red blood cells and hemoglobin per unit volume of blood, the skin and mucous membranes will also become lighter in color. Roughness, lack of luster and even ulceration are other manifestations of anemia in the skin and mucous membranes, which may also be related to the primary disease of the anemia. Hemolytic anemia, especially extravascular hemolytic anemia, can cause yellowing of the skin and mucous membranes.

What are the causes of ischemia?

1. Malnutrition

Nutritional anemia mainly refers to anemia caused by severe iron deficiency in the body, followed by anemia caused by vitamin deficiency.

Many women control their diet too much. They dare not touch meat, eggs and milk, and even eat less vegetable oil. They eat vegetarian food such as vegetables and radishes for a long time, which leads to anemia. In addition to general anemia symptoms such as dizziness, tinnitus, blurred vision, fatigue, dry and falling hair, patients may also suffer from loss of appetite, diarrhea, mouth ulcers, glossitis, etc.

2. Iron deficiency

Iron deficiency anemia refers to a type of microcytic hypochromic anemia caused by insufficient iron storage in the body, which affects hemoglobin synthesis. It is the most common type of anemia throughout the world, including in my country. The incidence of this disease is very high and is almost prevalent throughout the world. Iron is an important trace element for hematopoiesis, and dietary iron deficiency is the main cause of anemia. In addition, hookworm infection, gastrointestinal malabsorption, bleeding from gastric and duodenal ulcers, hemorrhoidal bleeding, menorrhagia in women, and functional uterine bleeding in adolescence can all cause iron deficiency anemia.

3. Blood loss

Blood loss is the most common cause of anemia, which can be divided into acute and chronic. Chronic blood loss often causes iron deficiency anemia. Anemia caused by massive blood loss in a short period of time due to vascular rupture or defective hemostasis mechanism caused by trauma or disease process is called acute hemorrhagic anemia.