Aren’t anti-sperm antibodies of little significance?

Some women will have anti-sperm antibodies in their bodies. To this day, the reasons that cause this condition in women are still not fully understood. If a woman has anti-sperm antibodies in her body, she will have a rejection reaction to the man's sperm, which will prevent the sperm from successfully combining with the egg, so the woman will not be able to get pregnant. For women who do not want to get pregnant, this may be a good thing.

Aren’t anti-sperm antibodies of little significance?

Studies have found that 15.18% of infertile women have anti-sperm antibodies in their bodies. Under normal circumstances, sperm and embryos are foreign bodies to the mother. So every sexual intercourse may be an immunization, but only a minority of women develop anti-sperm antibodies because:

(1) There are some immunosuppressive factors in seminal plasma, which can inhibit the function of T and B cells. These factors can be wrapped on the surface of sperm, making the female immune system unable to respond to sperm;

(2) Enzymes in seminal plasma can affect the expression of sperm surface antigens;

(3) After sperm enters the vagina, its surface is quickly covered by a layer of maternal protein, which protects the sperm and helps it to move upward;

(4) Although tens of millions of sperm are ejaculated at one time, less than 5% of them enter the uterine cavity.

Since only sperm that enter the uterine cavity and abdominal cavity have sensitized lymphocytes, this greatly reduces the chance of women becoming immunized, so normal women rarely produce anti-sperm antibodies. However, problems in any of the above links may cause women to produce anti-sperm antibodies and develop infertility. For example, when women have sexual intercourse during menstruation or when they have diseases such as endometritis, it increases the chances of sperm and its antigens entering the blood and the chances of sperm coming into contact with immune-active cells. If sperm enters the intestine, the mucosa in the rectum is thin and easily damaged, and there are more Langhans cells in the submucosal area, which have functions similar to those of macrophages, making it easy for them to transfer antigens into the body. Once a woman forms anti-sperm antibodies, a barrier is formed at the cervix to prevent sperm from penetrating. Therefore, sperm and egg cannot come into contact, which can cause female infertility.

Dangers of having sex during menstruation:

1. Due to the excitement of both parties, the insertion of the penis will cause the female genitals to become congested, leading to increased menstrual volume and prolonged menstruation;

2. Having sex during menstruation may cause uterine contraction during sexual impulse, which may squeeze endometrial fragments into the pelvic cavity, causing endometriosis and leading to infertility.

3. Having sex during menstruation may cause sperm to meet the damaged endometrium and overflowing blood cells, and even enter the blood, which may induce the production of anti-sperm antibodies, leading to immune infertility and sterility.

4. When having sex during menstruation, the male reproductive organ may bring bacteria into the vagina. Menstrual blood is a good breeding ground for bacteria and other microorganisms. Bacteria can easily breed and spread along the many tiny wounds and ruptured blood vessels in the endometrium, infecting the endometrium and even affecting the fallopian tubes and pelvic organs, thus causing unnecessary trouble to the woman. also. It should also be noted that you cannot have sexual intercourse even if you use a condom during your menstrual period, because condoms can only prevent sperm from entering the vagina, but cannot prevent bacteria from entering the vagina, so doing so is also harmful.