What are the symptoms of broken wind?

Tetanus is a very common phenomenon in life. Generally speaking, tetanus is actually an acute infectious disease caused by Clostridium tetani invading the wounds of the human body and producing toxins that cause systemic spasms. It has a great impact on people. In severe cases, it may cause lung infection and death. In fact, if the human body suffers from tetanus, there is an incubation period. What are the symptoms of tetanus?

What are the typical symptoms of tetanus?

1. Incubation period: The length varies and is often related to factors such as whether or not the patient has received vaccinations, the nature and location of the trauma, and the treatment of the wound. Usually 7-8 days, but can be as short as 24 hours or as long as several months or years.

2. Prodromal stage: fatigue, dizziness, headache, chewing weakness, hyperreflexia, irritability, local pain, muscle stretching, convulsion and rigidity, jaw tension and difficulty opening the mouth.

3. Attack period: continuous muscle contraction. The first are the masticatory muscles, followed by the face, neck, back, abdomen, limbs, and finally the diaphragm and intercostal muscles.

4. Sound, light vibration, drinking water and injection can induce paroxysmal convulsions. The patient remained conscious and had no abnormal sensations. Generally no high fever.

Dietary precautions for tetanus patients

1. The best enteral nutrition preparation for tetanus patients is polymerized diet, which is mainly milk-based, contains undigested protein, fat, sugar, etc., and is an isotonic or hypertonic viscous liquid. The advantages of this diet are comprehensive nutrition, good taste, no gastrointestinal reaction, and low price.

2. To avoid complications, all patients with severe tetanus were given a tracheotomy and a feeding tube was placed under the action of "thiopental sodium". Take a certain amount of powder as needed, first mix it into a uniform paste with cold boiled water, then add warm boiled water (60℃ ~ 70℃) and stir to the required concentration. The maximum concentration for adults is 25%, and for children is 12.5%. Adults can take 2000~3000ml per day.

3. Pay attention to the balance of water and electrolytes. After tetanus patients adopt elemental diet, the urine volume increases significantly, sometimes exceeding the daily intake. This may be related to the hyperosmotic diuresis of the elemental diet, which leads to the loss of water and electrolytes. Pay attention to replenishing water and electrolytes in time.

4. When providing nutritional support, enteral nutrition is the first choice. Patients who can eat orally should be given a high-calorie, high-protein, and high-vitamin diet, and fed in small amounts and multiple times to avoid choking and aspiration. For seriously ill patients who cannot eat orally, a nasogastric tube should be inserted into the nasal cavity as soon as possible to feed liquids to ensure the supply of nutrition and water.

How to treat trauma correctly and prevent tetanus

1. Clostridium tetani mostly grows in soil and rust, so tetanus antitoxin should be injected when the wound is deep and contaminated with soil or pierced by rusty iron objects.

2. If the skin is just scratched and the wound is not deep, there is no need to inject tetanus antitoxin as long as proper cleaning is done. Or you can just wipe it with some disinfectant such as iodine. If the wound is dry and there is no exudate, there is no need to wipe it again.

3. Because tetanus antitoxin is an immune horse serum, it is a foreign protein to the human body and has antigenicity (allergic reaction), so an allergy test should be performed before using the medicine. If the test result is negative, tetanus antitoxin can be injected directly. If the test result is positive, desensitization injection should be performed, that is, tetanus antitoxin should be injected in small doses divided into 4-5 times. If tetanus antitoxin has been used for more than one week, skin testing must be repeated if it is used again.