There is a fleshy weight growing outside the anus_What is the fleshy weight growing outside the anus?

Hemorrhoids are a very common anorectal disease in life. Generally, if there is a fleshy mass growing outside the anus, it is likely caused by hemorrhoids. Hemorrhoids are generally divided into internal hemorrhoids, external hemorrhoids and mixed hemorrhoids. In this case, it is best to go to the hospital for examination and diagnosis and timely treatment. We must develop good bowel habits in our daily lives, avoid squatting for long periods of time, drink more water, and pay more attention to hygiene.

Causes of hemorrhoids

1. Anatomical reasons: When a person is standing or sitting, the anus and rectum are located at the lower part. Due to gravity and the pressure of internal organs, the upward venous return is greatly hindered. The rectal veins and their branches lack venous valves, so blood cannot flow back easily and is prone to congestion. Its blood vessels are arranged in a special way and pass through the muscular layer at different heights, which makes them easily compressed by fecal matter, affecting blood return. The veins pass through the loose tissue of the submucosal layer and lack stent fixation around them, making them prone to expansion and buckling.

2. Genetic relationship: The venous wall is congenitally weak, with reduced resistance, and cannot withstand the pressure within the blood vessels, thus gradually expanding.

3. Occupational relationship: Standing or sitting for a long time, carrying heavy loads for a long time, affects venous return, slows blood flow in the pelvis and causes congestion of abdominal organs, causing excessive filling of hemorrhoidal veins, decreased tension of venous walls, and easy congestion and dilation of blood vessels. Insufficient exercise, reduced intestinal motility, slow downward movement of feces, or habitual constipation can compress and stimulate the veins, causing local congestion and blood reflux obstruction, resulting in increased pressure in the hemorrhoidal veins and reduced resistance of the venous wall.

4. Local irritation and improper diet: Exposure to cold or heat in the anus, constipation, diarrhea, excessive drinking and eating spicy food can all irritate the anus and rectum, causing congestion of the hemorrhoidal venous plexus, affecting venous blood return and resulting in a decrease in the resistance of the venous wall.

5. Increased anal venous pressure: Cirrhosis, liver congestion and incomplete compensation of cardiac function can cause anal vein congestion and increased pressure, affecting rectal venous blood return.

6. Increased intra-abdominal pressure: Intra-abdominal tumors, uterine tumors, ovarian tumors, prostate hypertrophy, pregnancy, overeating or sitting on the toilet for too long can all increase the intra-abdominal pressure and hinder the venous blood return.

7. Anal infection: The hemorrhoidal venous plexus first becomes inflamed due to acute or chronic infection, and the elastic tissue of the venous wall gradually becomes fibrotic and weakened, resulting in insufficient resistance, which leads to enlargement and varicose veins. Combined with other reasons, the varicose veins gradually worsen and form hemorrhoids.

Hemorrhoids are mainly composed of dilated veins, spongy tissue and connective tissue stroma. The veins are dilated and tortuous, their walls become thinner, the outer membrane and the middle layer atrophy, thrombosis may form inside the veins, and blood clots may appear outside the veins. There is often acute and chronic inflammation, and cell infiltration may occur, sometimes leading to the formation of small abscesses. The spongy tissue, called the corpus cavernosum, is composed of many vascular glomeruli, which contain short, curved arterioles. Sometimes there is an arteriovenous fistula, and the arterial pulsation can be felt inside the hemorrhoids. The surface of internal hemorrhoids is columnar epithelium, and the surface of external hemorrhoids is squamous epithelium.