What are the symptoms of endomyocarditis

Endomyocarditis has gradually become a disease with a very high incidence rate. Both men and women may develop this disease, especially for some middle-aged and elderly patients, the incidence rate will be even higher, so it must be treated in time, otherwise it will be very bad for their heart function. A small number of patients may directly cause varying degrees of lesions in their hearts.

symptom:

With the naked eye, warts can be seen forming on the valve with the original disease. The valve is thickened and deformed to varying degrees, and ulcers often occur. Single or multiple polyp-like or cauliflower-like warts of varying sizes can be seen on its surface. Warts are dirty gray-yellow, dry and brittle, and can easily fall off and cause embolism. The diseased valves are rigid and often calcified. Valvular ulcers are shallower than those in acute infective endocarditis, but they can also be severely damaged and perforated (Figure 8-25). The lesions may also involve the chordae tendineae. Under microscopic examination, warts are composed of platelets, fibrin, bacterial colonies, inflammatory cells and a small amount of necrotic tissue, and the bacterial colonies are often wrapped inside blood clots. Granulation tissue hyperplasia and infiltration of lymphocytes, monocytes and a small amount of neutrophils can be seen in varying degrees at the bottom of the valvular ulcer. Sometimes existing rheumatic endocarditis lesions can also be seen.

The cure rate of this disease is relatively high, but scar formation can easily cause severe valve deformation and thickening and shortening of chordae tendineae, leading to valve stenosis and/or insufficiency (chronic valvular heart disease). In a few cases, fatal acute valvular insufficiency may occur due to valve perforation or chordae tendineae rupture.

Pathogens in warts can invade the bloodstream and cause sepsis. Patients often have bleeding spots on their skin, mucous membranes and fundus. This is due to damage to the blood vessel walls and increased permeability. This type of bleeding has certain significance in clinical diagnosis. The spleen is generally moderately enlarged. Microscopically, splenic mononuclear phagocytes proliferate and splenic sinuses are dilated and congested. Patients often have anemia due to hyperfunction of the epithelium and mild hemolysis of viridans streptococci. Arterial embolism: The growths on the valves can easily fall off and enter the bloodstream, causing embolism in various organs. Arterial embolism is most common in the cerebral arteries, followed by the renal and splenic arteries; coronary artery embolism is rare. Since emboli mostly come from the outermost layer of the thrombus and do not contain microorganisms or the pathogens are weak and cannot survive locally, they often cause non-infectious infarction.