Anemia has symptoms, be careful if these occur!

In real life, anemia is a relatively common disease. Anemia can easily seriously affect normal life and work. The more obvious symptoms of anemia are dizziness and fatigue. It can also easily lead to decreased immunity and susceptibility to illness. Anemia is divided into many degrees, and different degrees will show different symptoms. You can eat more protein-rich foods to supplement your body's nutrition.

Symptoms of anemia

Early symptoms: Weakness, fatigue, and sleepiness are caused by lack of oxygen to the muscles. The most common and earliest symptom. It is affected by factors such as paleness of the skin and mucous membranes, and the distribution and contraction and relaxation of the skin, mucous membranes, conjunctiva, and skin capillaries. It is generally believed that the color of the palpebral conjunctiva, thenar and hypothenar eminences of the palm, and the nail bed is more reliable. Dizziness, headache, tinnitus, blurred vision, inattention and drowsiness are common symptoms.

Late symptoms: There is tachycardia, and a soft systolic murmur can be heard at the apex or pulmonary valve area, called anemic murmur. A diastolic murmur can be heard in severe anemia. Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing, syncope, or even confusion may occur in patients with severe anemia or acute episodes, especially in the elderly.

Related symptoms: fatigue, pale skin, loss of appetite, pale or pale conjunctiva, pale lips, anemia, pale lips and nails, dizziness, pale complexion, low red blood cell count, low red blood cell distribution width, dizziness after strenuous exercise

1. Symptoms:

The presence or severity of anemia symptoms depends on the degree of anemia, the speed at which anemia occurs, whether there is a change in circulating blood volume, the patient's age, and the compensatory capacity of the cardiovascular system. Anemia occurs slowly and the body can gradually adapt. Even if the anemia is severe, physiological functions can still be maintained. On the contrary, if anemia occurs in a short period of time, even if the degree of anemia is not severe, obvious symptoms may appear. The symptoms are more obvious in the elderly and weak or those with reduced heart and lung function.

The general symptoms and signs of anemia are as follows:

1. Weakness:

Fatigue and sleepiness are caused by lack of oxygen to the muscles. The most common and earliest symptom.

2. Pale skin and mucous membranes:

Influenced by factors such as the distribution and contraction and relaxation of the skin, mucous membranes, conjunctiva, and skin capillaries. It is generally believed that the color of the palpebral conjunctiva, thenar and hypothenar eminences of the palm, and the nail bed is more reliable.

3. Cardiovascular system:

Palpitations are one of the most prominent symptoms, along with tachycardia. A soft systolic murmur, called anemic murmur, can be heard at the apex or pulmonary valve area. A diastolic murmur may be heard in severe anemia. Severe anemia or pre-existing coronary heart disease can cause angina pectoris, heart enlargement, and heart failure.

4. Respiratory system

: Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing is mostly caused by hypoxia or hypercapnia in the respiratory center.

5. Central nervous system:

Dizziness, headache, tinnitus, blurred vision, inattention and drowsiness are common symptoms. Syncope or even confusion may occur in patients with severe anemia or sudden onset, especially in the elderly.

6. Digestive system:

The most common symptoms include loss of appetite, abdominal bloating, nausea, and constipation.

7. Reproductive system:

Female patients often have menstrual disorders, such as amenorrhea or menorrhagia. Decreased libido is common in both men and women.

8. Urinary system

Patients with severe anemia may have mild proteinuria and reduced urine concentration function.

2. Classification of anemia:

Anemia due to different reasons:

1. Iron deficiency anemia

It is a type of anemia caused by a lack of iron in the body, which affects hemoglobin synthesis. It is a common type of anemia and is prevalent throughout the world. This anemia is characterized by a lack of stainable iron in the bone marrow, liver, spleen, and other tissues, and by decreased serum iron concentration and serum transferrin saturation.

2. Hemolytic anemia refers to the accelerated destruction of red blood cells

A type of anemia that occurs when the bone marrow's hematopoietic function is insufficiently compensated. If the bone marrow is able to increase red blood cell production enough to compensate for the shortened red blood cell survival, anemia will not occur. This state is called compensated hemolytic disease. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia is a group of anemias caused by abnormal hyperfunction of B lymphocytes, production of anti-self-erythrocyte antibodies, and increased destruction of red blood cells.

3. Megaloblastic anemia

It is a group of anemias caused by deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis disorders, which are mainly caused by vitamin B12 or folic acid deficiency in the body. It can also be caused by inherited or drug-induced DNA synthesis disorders. Anemia caused by folic acid deficiency refers to anemia caused by folic acid utilization disorders due to various reasons. Normal methylmalonic acid and elevated homocysteine ​​confirm folate deficiency. Anemia caused by vitamin B12 deficiency is a type of pernicious anemia. Classic pernicious anemia refers to B12 deficiency caused by loss of intrinsic factor secretion.

4. Aplastic anemia

It is a disease in which physical, chemical, biological or unknown factors cause severe damage to bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells and bone marrow microenvironment, resulting in reduced or failed bone marrow hematopoietic function. A group of syndromes with pancytopenia as the main manifestation.

5. Thalassemia is also known as thalassemia.

It is a group of inherited microcytic hemolytic anemias. Their common feature is that due to defects in the globin gene, the synthesis of one or more globin peptide chains in hemoglobin is reduced or cannot be synthesized. Leading to changes in the composition of hemoglobin.

6. Sickle Cell Anemia

It was the first molecular disease discovered in the world in 1949. Clinical symptoms include hemolysis, anemia, and vaso-occlusive symptoms. Splenomegaly occurs in childhood and subsequently shrinks due to repeated infarctions and diffuse fibrosis.

7. Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia

It is a rare hereditary familial disease of ineffective erythropoiesis. Its clinical features are chronic, refractory mild or severe anemia, accompanied by persistent or intermittent jaundice, and the bone marrow shows ineffective hematopoiesis of the erythroid system, multinucleation, nuclear fragmentation and other morphological abnormalities.

8. Sideroblastic anemia

It is anemia caused by a group of disorders of heme synthesis and poor iron utilization due to different causes. It is characterized by the presence of large numbers of "ring" sideroblasts in the bone marrow and is resistant to iron therapy. Some cases of hereditary sideroblastic anemia suggest ALA synthetase deficiency, and in some cases ALA synthetase activity is low. Most patients are male, and most develop anemia around the age of 10 to 20. Secondary sideroblastic anemia is caused by the inhibition of hemoglobin synthesis by various drugs, poisons and certain diseases.