4 causes of melanoma

Melanoma is one of the most common skin tumors. If it is not treated in time, it is likely to cause skin cancer. This is one of the reasons why melanoma has received special attention in medicine. Experts have also made the following conclusions after long-term research on the causes of melanoma.

Melanoma may be caused by race

1. Race factors. The cause of melanoma may be related to race. Experts point out that the incidence of melanoma in white people is higher than that in people of color. For example, the annual incidence rate of white people in the United States is as high as 42/100,000, while that of black people is only 0.8/100,000.

2. Immunodeficiency. Immunodeficiency is also one of the causes of melanoma. With the increase of age, the immune function of the human body gradually declines. Therefore, the incidence of melanoma in the elderly is very high clinically.

3. Abuse of estrogen drugs. The occurrence of melanoma may also be related to the abuse of estrogen drugs. Studies have found that there are estrogen receptors in the cells of malignant melanoma, and people suspect that excessive estrogen will stimulate the occurrence of melanoma.

4. Air pollution. Experts say that the occurrence of melanoma may also be related to air pollution. The large-scale emission of harmful substances destroys the ozone layer, resulting in insufficient ultraviolet filtration. Harmful ultraviolet rays and harmful substances in the air work together to act on human skin, causing abnormal expression of melanocytes, which can easily cause melanoma.

Surgery is a common treatment for melanoma and can be divided into the following three types:

1. Biopsy: For patients suspected of malignant melanoma, the lesion together with the surrounding 0.5 cm to 1 cm of normal skin and subcutaneous fat should be removed in one piece for pathological examination. If it is confirmed to be malignant melanoma, the need for additional extensive resection will be determined based on the depth of infiltration.

2. Primary lesion resection surgery: Regional lymph node dissection is generally performed as a preventive lymph node dissection, which can better improve the patient's survival time.

3. Palliative resection: For patients with large lesions and distant metastases who are not suitable for radical surgery, debulking or palliative resection may be considered as long as anatomical conditions permit in order to relieve ulcer bleeding or pain.