What are the clinical manifestations of breast cancer? 5 self-diagnosis methods for breast cancer

Breast lumps are the most common manifestation of breast cancer, but for patients over 50 years old with nipple discharge, be alert to the possibility of breast cancer. Clinical manifestations of breast cancer: 1. Breast lumps: the most common manifestation of breast cancer. 2. Nipple changes: Nipple discharge is mostly benign, but for patients over 50 years old, unilateral nipple discharge should be alert to the possibility of breast cancer; nipple retraction; nipple itching, dandruff, erosion, ulcers, scabs and other eczema changes are often clinical manifestations of Paget's disease of the breast. 3. Breast skin and contour changes: Tumor invasion of the skin Cooper can form ligament "dimple sign"; tumor cells block subcutaneous capillary lymphatic vessels, causing skin edema and hair follicle depression "orange peel sign"; when the skin is widely invaded, most of the hard nodules or small cords can be formed on the epidermis, and even merged into pieces. If the lesion extends to the back and the opposite chest wall, it can restrict breathing and the formation of thyroid cancer; inflammatory breast cancer can significantly increase the breast, skin congestion and swelling, and local skin temperature increases; in addition, advanced breast cancer can cause skin ulcers and cancer ulcers. 4. Lymph node enlargement: The lymph nodes in the axillary of the same side may swell, and advanced breast cancer may metastasize to the axillary lymph nodes on the other side to cause enlargement; in some cases, the enlarged lymph nodes can touch the ipsilateral or contralateral clavicle. Five methods for screening breast cancer: The first: monthly self-examination Every woman should perform a self-examination on the fifth day after the end of menstruation. The method is to apply soap on your hands and tap the breasts, axillae and clavicle fossa with the belly of the middle finger and index finger. Tips: Many patients cannot feel early breast cancer at all, and cannot rely entirely on self-examination. It is more important to go to the hospital for regular check-ups! Second, the doctor's palpation specialist is very experienced and can more accurately determine whether there is a lump. This simple touch can screen out a considerable number of patients. The third: B-ultrasound examination When the doctor suspects that there is a lump in the breast, he must do a B-ultrasound examination to determine the nature and location of the lump. Tip: It has poor recognition ability for lumps with a diameter of less than 1 cm and may miss smaller lumps. Fourth: Molybdenum target x-ray examination This is the most accurate method for preliminary judgment of breast cancer. It can get a clear image and find the budding of some small tumors, but the cost is higher than B-ultrasound examination. Tip: It is recommended that women over 40 years old or with high-risk factors (such as family history of breast cancer, breast carcinoma in situ, etc.) undergo regular mammography examinations every year. Fifth: Cytological puncture examination Many people are not familiar with this examination. Zhang Lin introduced that during mammography X-ray examination, breast lumps or cysts may overlap with hyperplastic glands and cannot be clearly displayed; other lesions similar to breast cancer, such as cysts and fibroadenomas, are very similar on mammography films and difficult to identify. Diagnostic puncture is necessary to clarify the nature of the lesion. The method is to accurately puncture a fine needle (No. 7 needle for intramuscular injection) under direct vision, and the qualitative differentiation rate of benign and malignant tumors can reach more than 90%. Tip: It is suitable for B-ultrasound examination and mammography X-ray examination, and the problem is found for diagnosis. Some people are worried about whether the puncture will cause tumor metastasis, and there are no case reports yet.