The specific index for diagnosing primary liver cancer is

Primary liver cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in my country, and is more common in the southeast coastal areas. The median age of liver cancer patients in my country is 40 to 50 years old, and it is more common in men than in women. Its etiology and pathogenesis have not yet been determined. The following is a detailed introduction to the specific indicators for diagnosing primary liver cancer.

Diagnostic criteria for primary liver cancer

1. Pathological diagnostic criteria for primary liver cancer:

The gold standard is the diagnosis of HCC by pathological histology and/or cytology of biopsy or surgical resection of liver lesions or extrahepatic metastases.

2. Clinical diagnostic criteria for primary liver cancer:

Among all solid tumors, only HCC can be diagnosed using clinical diagnostic standards, which are recognized both domestically and abroad, are non-invasive, simple and convenient, and highly operable. It is generally believed that it depends mainly on three factors, namely, the background of chronic liver disease, the results of imaging examinations, and the serum AFP level. However, the understanding and specific requirements of the academic community vary and often change, and there are errors in actual application. Therefore, based on my country's national conditions, previous domestic standards, and clinical practice, the expert group proposes that strict control and joint analysis should be adopted, requiring that the clinical diagnosis of HCC can be established when two of the following conditions (1) + (2) a or three of (1) + (2) b + (3) are met at the same time:

1. Evidence of liver cirrhosis and HBV and/or HCV infection (HBV and/or HCV antigen positive).

2. Serum AFP ≥ 400 μg/L for 1 month or ≥ 200 μg/L for 2 months, and other causes of AFP elevation can be excluded, including pregnancy, embryonic tumors of the reproductive system, active liver disease and secondary liver cancer.

3. Typical imaging features of HCC: Concurrent multi-slice CT scans and/or dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI examinations show rapid and heterogeneous vascular enhancement (arterial hypervascularity) of liver masses in the arterial phase, and rapid washout in the venous phase or delayed phase.

(1) If the liver mass is 1-2 cm in diameter, both CT and MRI imaging examinations are required to show that the liver mass has the above-mentioned characteristics of liver cancer before HCC can be diagnosed in order to enhance the specificity of the diagnosis.

(2) If the diameter of the liver mass is ≥ 2 cm, and one of the two imaging examinations, CT and MRI, shows that the liver mass has the above-mentioned characteristics of liver cancer, HCC can be diagnosed.

It is currently believed that primary liver cancer is related to cirrhosis, viral hepatitis, chemical carcinogens such as aflatoxin, and environmental factors. With the early diagnosis and early treatment of primary liver cancer, the overall efficacy has been significantly improved.