Nursing for bladder cancer

Bladder cancer refers to a malignant tumor that occurs in the bladder. For patients with bladder cancer who need surgery, nursing measures will affect the effect of the surgery and the degree of recovery after surgery. The nursing measures for patients with bladder cancer include:

1. Preoperative care

1. Psychological care: Provide patients with information about tumors and emotional support. For patients who undergo total cystectomy, urinary tract diversion and reconstruction, the necessity of the surgery should be explained, and the diversion will not affect normal life and work, so as to help patients strengthen their confidence in treatment.

2. Intestinal preparation: Prepare the intestines 3 days before urinary tract diversion surgery and change to a liquid diet to inhibit intestinal bacteria. Supplement nutrition to the patient and encourage the patient to eat more high-protein, high-calorie, easily digestible, vitamin-rich foods, and provide intravenous nutritional support when necessary. Skin preparation Due to the large scope of surgery, the skin of the lower abdomen and perineum should be prepared.

2. Postoperative Care

Closely observe changes in vital signs according to the routine after general anesthesia. After the patient wakes up, the blood pressure, pulse, and breathing are stable. The patient can be placed in a semi-recumbent position to prevent and early detect bleeding and shock. All drainage tubes should be kept unobstructed and properly fixed to prevent displacement and dislocation. Carefully observe the color, nature, and amount of the drainage fluid. All catheters should be treated aseptically, and the drainage bag should be replaced daily. The drainage bag should not be higher than the plane of the patient's intubation port to prevent retrograde infection.

Record the 24-hour intake and output to determine renal function. Observe the color of the bladder incision tissue to prevent necrosis. If the dressing is bleeding or soaked, change it in time or cover it with a gauze pad. Apply oxidative ointment to the skin around the incision to prevent eczema and ulceration. The catheter can be removed 10 days after surgery and a urine collection bag can be placed. Teach the correct use method to prevent retrograde infection.

In addition, the patient's family should also observe the patient's bleeding. It is usually bright red on the day of surgery, and then gradually turns lighter and yellower. The flushing speed on the day after surgery is 120 to 160 drops/min to dilute the blood and then drain it. The drip rate can be adjusted according to the color of the drainage fluid. Intermittent flushing is feasible when the drainage fluid is light yellow. The flushing tube can be removed 3 to 4 days after surgery. During the period of retaining the urinary catheter and after stopping flushing, the patient should be advised to drink more water, more than 2000 ml per day, to achieve the purpose of flushing.