Genetic theory of brain cancer

In recent years, through the study of cell molecular genetics, it has been found that there are one or more structurally or functionally abnormal genes on the chromosomes of cancer cells, called oncogenes. So far, more than 40 oncogenes have been found. Chromosomes bound to oncogenes may break, lose fragments, translocate, rearrange, and other abnormalities, causing cells to lose control during proliferation and differentiation, showing abnormal dedifferentiation and excessive growth.

At present, the research on the cause of brain cancer is not very clear, and there is not much research on brain cancer oncogenes and marker chromosomes, which needs further research and discovery. The functions of various oncogenes are different. Some can cause cells to dedifferentiate and become oncogenes, which are called promoter genes; some can cause cancer cells to proliferate endlessly, which are called promoting oncogenes; and some can inhibit the growth and spread of cancer cells, which are called suppressor oncogenes. The formation of cancer is the result of the overexpression of promoter genes and promoting oncogenes and the loss or insufficient expression of suppressor oncogenes. Oncogenes can be directly passed on to offspring through inheritance, so various cancers have a certain degree of heredity, but people with oncogenes do not all develop tumors, but need to go through repeated small evolutions before they can develop the disease. This shows that various chronic stimuli from the outside world, including biological, chemical, and physical, are a kind of inducement that affects the expression of oncogenes. The onset of tumors is the result of the interaction between internal and external factors.