Typical manifestations of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

Clinical characteristics of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: the incidence increases with age, and is more common in men than in women; it has a tendency to spread to distant places and invade extranodal areas, and invasion of various organs is more common than in Hodgkin's lymphoma; it often presents with high fever or systemic symptoms, and painless progressive enlargement of the cervical and supraclavicular lymph nodes as the first manifestation is rare; it develops rapidly; in the late stage, there are systemic manifestations such as fever, weight loss, and night sweats, and itching is rare.

Pharyngeal lymphatic ring lesions account for 10% to 15% of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The most common sites of occurrence are the soft palate and tonsils, followed by the nasal cavity and sinuses. Clinical symptoms include dysphagia, nasal congestion, epistaxis, and submandibular lymphadenopathy. The hilum and mediastinum of the chest are most affected, and half of the patients have pulmonary infiltration or pleural effusion. The small intestine is most often affected in the intestine, of which more than half are the ileum, followed by the stomach. The colon is rarely affected, and patients present with abdominal pain, diarrhea, and abdominal mass. Nearly 1/3 of the patients have renal damage. The main manifestations are kidney enlargement, hypertension, renal insufficiency and nephrotic syndrome; central nervous system lesions are mostly in the advanced stage of the disease, mainly involving the meninges and spinal cord; bone damage is most common in the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, followed by the femur, ribs, pelvis and skull; bone marrow involvement accounts for about 1/3 to 2/3, and about 20% of patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma will develop into acute lymphocytic leukemia in the late stage; skin involvement manifests as lumps, subcutaneous nodules, infiltrative plaques, ulcers, etc.