Analysis of the methods for completely curing rectal cancer

With the continuous improvement of medical technology, there are different methods for treating rectal cancer. What are the methods for completely treating rectal cancer ? Here are some common methods for completely treating rectal cancer.

In general, the common methods of radical treatment of rectal cancer are:

(1) Abdominal perineal resection (Miles surgery): This method of treating rectal cancer is, in principle, applicable to rectal cancer below the peritoneal fold. The resection range includes the distal sigmoid colon, the entire rectum, the inferior mesenteric artery and its regional lymph nodes, the entire mesorectum, the levator ani muscle, the fat in the ischiorectal fossa, the anal canal, and the skin and subcutaneous tissue about 3 to 5 cm around the anus, as well as the entire anal sphincter. A permanent sigmoid colon single-lumen stoma is performed in the left lower abdomen. Some people also use the gracilis or gluteus maximus to replace the sphincter for in situ anoplasty in the Miles surgery, but the effectiveness of treating rectal cancer is yet to be determined.

(2) Transabdominal low resection and extraperitoneal primary anastomosis, also known as anterior rectal cancer resection (Dixon surgery), is suitable for rectal cancer that is more than 5 cm away from the dentate line. In principle, it is based on the premise of complete treatment of rectal cancer, and requires the distal resection edge to be more than 2 cm away from the lower edge of the tumor. Because the anastomosis is located near the dentate line, the patient will have an increased frequency of bowel movements and poor bowel control function for a period of time after surgery. In recent years, some people have used a J-shaped colon pouch to anastomose the lower rectum or anus, which can improve bowel control function and reduce the number of bowel movements in the near future. Whether to prepare a J-shaped colon pouch is mainly based on the residual rectal length; if the residual rectal length is less than 3 cm, the J-shaped pouch and rectal anastomosis have better bowel control ability within one year after surgery than the rectal anastomosis. This method of treating rectal cancer is less invasive and can preserve the original anus, which is more ideal. If the tumor is large and has infiltrated the surrounding tissues, it is not suitable for use.

(3) Rectal cancer resection with preservation of anal sphincter: Applicable to early rectal cancer 7 to 11 cm away from the anal verge. If the tumor is large, poorly differentiated, or the main lymphatic vessels are blocked by cancer cells and there is lateral lymphatic metastasis, this method of treating rectal cancer will not completely remove the tumor, and abdominal perineal resection is still the best choice. The current methods of rectal cancer resection with preservation of anal sphincter include stapler anastomosis, low abdominal resection-transanal eversion anastomosis, abdominal free-transanal pull-out resection anastomosis, and abdominal transsacral resection, which can be selected according to the specific situation.

The above is an introduction to the common methods of treating rectal cancer. I hope it will be helpful to everyone. Patients should choose the method of treating rectal cancer that suits them according to their actual condition and should not choose blindly.

For more information, please visit the rectal cancer disease special topic at http://www..com.cn/zhongliu/zca/ or consult an expert for free. The expert will then give a detailed answer based on the patient's specific situation.