What are the nursing methods for bladder cancer patients?

Bladder cancer refers to a variety of malignant tumors originating from the bladder, that is, abnormal cells proliferate uncontrollably. The bladder is a hollow organ that stores urine. Its outer wall is mainly composed of muscle and is located in the lower abdomen. The most common bladder cancer cells come from the mucosal epidermis of the inner surface of the bladder. Its official name is transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). After receiving the correct treatment method suitable for bladder cancer patients, the most important thing is to adopt the correct care method to promote the body's recovery as soon as possible. So what issues should be paid attention to in the care of bladder cancer patients?

1. Preoperative care

1. Psychological care: Provide patients with information about tumors and emotional support. For patients who undergo total cystectomy, urinary tract diversion and reconstruction, the necessity of the surgery should be explained, and the diversion will not affect normal life and work, so as to help patients strengthen their confidence in treatment.

2. Bowel preparation: Prepare the intestines 3 days before urinary tract diversion surgery, change to liquid diet and take metronidazole tablets orally to inhibit intestinal bacteria. Take 50% sulfate catharsis or soap water enema orally the night before surgery.

Nutritional supplementation: patients are encouraged to eat more high-protein, high-calorie, easily digestible, vitamin-rich foods, and provide intravenous nutritional support when necessary.

. Skin preparation: Due to the large scope of surgery, the skin of the lower abdomen and perineum should be prepared;

2. Postoperative Care

Closely observe the changes of vital signs according to the routine after general anesthesia. After the patient wakes up, the blood pressure, pulse and breathing are stable, and the patient can take a semi-recumbent position to prevent and early detect bleeding and shock.

All drainage tubes should be kept unobstructed and properly fixed to prevent displacement and dislocation. Carefully observe the color, nature and amount of drainage fluid. All catheters should be sterile, and drainage bags should be replaced daily. The drainage bag should not be higher than the level of the patient's intubation port to prevent retrograde infection. Record the 24-hour intake and output to determine renal function.

Observe the color of the bladder incision tissue to prevent necrosis. If the dressing is bleeding or soaked, replace it in time or cover it with a sterile gauze pad. Apply oxidative ointment to the skin around the incision to prevent moisture and ulceration. The catheter can be removed 10 days after surgery and a urine collection bag can be placed. Teach the correct use method to prevent retrograde infection.

In addition, the patient's family should also observe the patient's bleeding. It is usually bright red on the day of surgery, and then gradually turns lighter and yellower. The flushing speed on the day after surgery is 120 to 160 drops/min to dilute the blood and then drain it. The drip rate can be adjusted according to the color of the drainage fluid. Intermittent flushing is feasible when the drainage fluid is light yellow. The flushing tube can be removed 3 to 4 days after surgery. During the period of retaining the urinary catheter and after stopping flushing, the patient should be advised to drink more water, more than 2000 ml per day, to achieve the purpose of flushing.

Fast for 3-5 days after surgery. After intestinal peristalsis is restored, first eat liquid food (it is best not to drink milk, soy milk, etc.), and gradually transition to semi-liquid food, soft rice and ordinary rice;

3. Radiotherapy Nursing

Bladder cancer, whether it is systemic medication or local perfusion medication, will cause bone marrow suppression, so the patient's blood picture should be observed. Observe the toxic and side effects of chemotherapy drugs, such as the nephrotoxicity of lead. Instruct the patient to eat a light, easily digestible and nutritious diet, drink plenty of water, and receive hydration if necessary;

4. Chemotherapy Care

First of all, the patient's fear of radiotherapy should be relieved, and the possible systemic and local reactions and precautions during radiotherapy should be explained. The patient should be advised to eat a light and easily digestible diet, encouraged to drink plenty of water, and take care to protect the skin in the irradiated field. Bladder irritation symptoms of varying degrees may occur during radiotherapy, such as frequent urination, urgency, and sometimes hematuria, which can be treated symptomatically. The occurrence of complications should be closely observed. Common complications include radiation cystitis, bladder fibrosis, and contractile cystitis.

The above is some knowledge about bladder cancer care that experts have introduced to us. Expert Tips: If your health shows symptoms of the disease, you can choose the appropriate treatment according to your symptoms, but do not delay the diagnosis, and do not let your life be ruined in hesitation. You should go to a regular hospital for medical treatment in time to avoid delaying the disease and causing serious consequences. If you have other questions, please consult our online experts or call for consultation. Believe in miracles, and wish you health, happiness, and joy!

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