Surgical treatment of bladder cancer

Surgical treatment of bladder cancer is a common method. Appropriate resection and consolidation treatment can improve the thoroughness of the operation, improve the cure rate, and prevent postoperative recurrence and metastasis. Surgical treatment methods for bladder cancer include transurethral surgery, local resection of bladder tumors and electrocautery, partial cystectomy, total cystectomy, transpubic total posterior urethral resection of the bladder, radical cystectomy, urethral bladder tumor resection, etc. According to the specific type of bladder cancer, the appropriate symptomatic surgical procedure is selected, and it is combined with traditional Chinese medicine anti-cancer methods and radiotherapy and chemotherapy consolidation treatment.

1. Open cystotomy

Transurethral surgery ① Electrocautery: During cystoscopy, if non-invasive superficial papilloma (stage Ta), single or scattered tumors with a small number and a tumor volume of more than 1 cm are found, electrocautery can be used through the urethra at the same time. ② Transurethral electroresection: It is suitable for pedunculated papilloma of about 2 cm or small lumpy, mulberry-shaped sessile tumors, and superficial bladder tumors that have not invaded deep muscles (stage T2). Electroresectoscope can be used for transurethral electroresection.

Local resection and electrocautery of bladder tumors are suitable for tumors that only infiltrate the mucosa or submucosal layer, bladder papilloma with low malignancy and thin pedicle, and are usually performed through cystoscopy.

Partial cystectomy is suitable for limited invasive papillary carcinoma, which is located far away from the bladder trigone and neck area. Most of the bladder can be preserved, and the patient can still urinate normally after the operation.

Total cystectomy, indications: ① The tumor is large and partial resection will reduce the bladder capacity; ② Multiple scattered tumors that are not suitable for local resection; ③ Large invasive tumors or those located near the bladder triangle with unclear boundaries; ④ Tumors recur quickly after local resection. Contraindications: There are no absolute contraindications. During surgery, the prostate and seminal vesicles of men are usually removed, while the uterus, ovaries and part of the vagina of women are removed.

Transpubic total cystectomy: Indications: Suitable for multiple bladder cancer lesions, especially those involving the bladder neck or internal urethral orifice.

Radical cystectomy: Indications: This surgery involves pelvic lymph node dissection at the same time as total cystectomy. It is suitable for patients with bladder cancer and (or suspected) lymph node metastasis.

2. Urethra-bladder tumor resection (TURBt) is mainly suitable for superficial tumors (Ta, T1, T2) with well or relatively well differentiated tumor tissue cells (G1, G2).

Surgical treatment of bladder cancer is mostly suitable for early stage. For patients in the middle and late stages, if the patient's physical condition is good, there is no metastasis, or the metastasis is single, and the tumor is small, appropriate surgical procedures can be used for treatment. However, for patients in the late stage with very poor physical condition, serious condition, and older age, surgery should be carefully chosen, or surgical treatment should be abandoned.

Surgical treatment does not necessarily cure bladder cancer, and not all patients can undergo surgery. In addition, surgical treatment of bladder cancer is prone to recurrence, metastasis, or complications (bleeding, pelvic infection, rectal injury, anuria, wound rupture), so individualized surgery and postoperative consolidation treatment are also important. Patients can choose chemotherapy and traditional Chinese medicine treatment after surgery, especially traditional Chinese medicine treatment can fundamentally improve the patient's quality of life and increase survival.

The above is some knowledge about bladder cancer surgery that we have prepared for you today. We hope it can be helpful to you. If you have any other needs, you can also consult our online consulting experts. We are always available to answer your questions and give you more detailed guidance.

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