What are the common clinical symptoms of kidney cancer?

The clinical manifestations of kidney cancer vary greatly, and may vary depending on the number of cases, tumor source, pathological type, location of occurrence, and duration of the disease. Sometimes the tumor has progressed extensively in the body without any symptoms. There may even be signs of metastasis to the lungs, bones, etc. However, hematuria, low back pain, and lumps are still the three typical symptoms of malignant kidney tumors. There are also many extrarenal manifestations that are not related to the urinary system. Common clinical symptoms of kidney cancer usually include the following:

1. Hematuria: Hematuria is the most common symptom, occurring in about 60% of patients. It can be macroscopic hematuria and/or microscopic hematuria. Most cases are painless, and sometimes there is blood in the urine. In most cases, hematuria is caused by tumors invading the renal pelvis and calyx. Hematuria is almost the only symptom in patients with renal pelvic cancer.

2. Lumbar mass: 10% of patients can feel a mass in the waist or upper abdomen. Sometimes it can be the only symptom. The mass is hard, with an uneven or nodular surface. If the patient is emaciated or the mass is located at the lower pole of the kidney, the mass can be felt during physical examination. If the mass is fixed, it means there is infiltration around the kidney and the prognosis is poor;

3. Lumbar pain: Lumbar pain occurs when the tumor grows and the renal capsule becomes tense, enlarged, or invades surrounding tissues. It manifests as persistent dull pain. When the tumor has invaded the nerves or lumbar spine, it can cause severe and persistent pain. The blood in the hematuria coagulates into cord-like blood clots in the ureter and is discharged with urine, which can cause renal colic;

4. Varicocele: When the left renal parenchymal tumor compresses the left spermatic vein, left varicocele often occurs. Due to the presence of cancer thrombus or other obstructions in the vein, the varicose vein does not disappear after lying flat. When the inferior vena cava is invaded, lower limb edema may occur at the same time.

5. Fever, anemia, weight loss, and loss of appetite are common manifestations of malignant tumors. Due to the high malignancy of renal cancer, many patients have obvious systemic symptoms when they seek medical treatment, and even have metastases to the lungs and bones;

6. Fever is one of the most common systemic manifestations of kidney cancer. Both low-grade and high-grade fever can occur. Sustained high fever can exceed 39-40°C. Most scholars believe that fever is related to the heat source of cancerous tissue. The body temperature returns to normal after the tumor is eliminated. Fever is the only manifestation of kidney cancer in a few patients. Some middle-aged and elderly patients with unexplained fever should be alert to the presence of kidney cancer.

7. Hematuria in kidney cancer patients can cause anemia, but the amount of blood loss in most kidney cancer patients is not enough to cause anemia. Therefore, it is considered that the anemia in kidney cancer patients is mainly due to the tumor growth producing tumor toxins and the destruction of a large amount of kidney tissue, which inhibits the hematopoietic function of the bone marrow. Some patients also have leukemia-like symptoms, and the number of white blood cells in the blood can be as high as dozens of times the normal value.

In addition, kidney cancer patients may also experience abnormal liver function, enlarged liver and spleen, and symptoms such as abdominal distension and pain, aversion to greasy food, ascites, poor appetite, and fatigue.

The above are the common clinical symptoms of kidney cancer. Expert Tips: If you have symptoms of disease, do not delay diagnosis and go to a regular hospital for treatment in time to avoid delaying the disease and causing serious consequences. If you have other questions, please consult our online experts or call for consultation. I wish you health and happiness!

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