The role of sodium and potassium in the human body

Trace elements are very important components of our body. Sodium and potassium are two of the trace elements that have appropriate effects on the human body. If the body lacks sodium and potassium, it can cause problems such as some major diseases. Therefore, trace elements are important factors affecting people's health. The role of trace elements cannot be ignored in daily life. What are the functions of sodium and potassium in the human body?

◎ Effects of sodium and potassium on the human body

Sodium plays a very important role in maintaining the osmotic pressure of body fluids, coordinating the balance inside and outside cells, assisting the normal functioning of nerves and muscles, and maintaining their excitability. At the same time, it can prevent fatigue and heat stroke caused by overheating. Potassium helps transport oxygen to the brain to keep you clear-headed. It also promotes the body's metabolism and helps process waste.

◎ ◎ The harm of sodium and potassium deficiency

Continuous heavy sweating, chronic diarrhea, persistent vomiting and kidney disease can cause a large loss of sodium ions in the body, resulting in symptoms of sodium deficiency, including cramps in the limbs and abdominal muscles, headaches, nausea and vomiting. At the same time, the body's acid-base balance can be disturbed, causing acidosis. Potassium deficiency is more common than sodium deficiency. Patients with hypokalemia often experience weakness in the limbs, lack of energy, slow reaction, lack of appetite, and even heart rhythm disorders and heart failure. They may also have symptoms of neurological diseases such as irritability and confusion.

◎ Sodium and potassium requirements

According to my country's nutrition survey, the average salt intake per person in my country is 13.6 grams per day (5.4 grams of sodium per day), which is more than twice the value recommended by the World Health Organization. In order to prevent the occurrence of hypertension, the Chinese Nutrition Society clearly stated in the "Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents" issued in 1997 that "eat a light and low-salt diet" and adopted the recommended value of the World Health Organization, that is, the daily salt intake per person should not exceed 6 grams. Regarding potassium intake, it is generally recommended to consume at least 1.6 to 2.0 grams of potassium per day to maintain normal potassium levels in the body. Potassium intake is related to food choices. People who eat a lot of fruits and vegetables can consume 8 to 11 grams of potassium per day. Since potassium has the effect of lowering blood pressure, it is recommended to increase the intake of fruits and vegetables so that adults' daily potassium intake reaches 3.5 grams.