Are adenomatous polyps benign?

Tumor is a physical disease that has a great impact on people's body structure, posing a great threat to people's physical health, and sometimes even a nuclear threat to people's life safety. Adenomatous polyps. It is a relatively common true tumor of epithelial cell proliferation. It is a great threat to people's health, and it is highly hereditary, so the impact on your body is lasting. Now many people know that there are two types of tumors, benign and malignant. So are adenomatous polyps benign?

Adenomatous polyps are true tumors of intestinal mucosal epithelial cell proliferation, and a single polyp is called an adenoma. The most common type of polyposis is hereditary familial polyposis (adenomatosis), but there are also non-familial polyposis and Gardner syndrome and Turcot syndrome accompanied by extra-digestive tract tumors. It can occur in various parts of the gastric mucosa, the most common being the near-pyloric area (accounting for about 50%). Adenomatous polyps account for about 90% of all benign gastric polyps and 30% to 50% of benign gastric tumors. They are usually solitary (about 2/3) and most of them are broad-based and sessile. When a large number of polyps are widely distributed throughout the gastric mucosa, it is called gastric polyposis. Adenomatous polyps are generally small in size, with a diameter of several millimeters to 2 cm. A few are larger.

The larger the adenomatous intestinal polyp, the greater the possibility of malignancy. Data show that when adenomatous intestinal polyps grow to 1-2 cm, the chance of becoming cancerous is 5%. When they grow larger than 2 cm, the chance of becoming cancerous is about 25%-50%. The transformation of intestinal polyps into colorectal cancer is affected by many factors, which may be genetic mutations of the patient, or the patient's long-term preference for cooking methods such as frying, smoking, and grilling. In addition, it is also related to factors such as smoking, drinking, repeated diarrhea, constipation, and decreased immunity caused by excessive fatigue.

How long does it take for a polyp to turn into cancer?

In terms of age of onset, adenomatous polyps occur 5 to 10 years earlier than colorectal cancer. According to the theory of adenoma to carcinoma development published by Morson in 1976, this time is about 10 years. However, according to some of the latest literature reports, it takes at least 5 years for adenomatous polyps to develop into cancer, with an average of 5 to 10 years. In addition, the canceration of adenomatous polyps is related to their size, morphology and pathological type. The canceration rate of basal adenomas is higher than that of pedunculated adenomas; the larger the adenoma, the greater the possibility of canceration; the more villous components in the adenoma structure, the greater the possibility of canceration. The specific mechanism of transformation from adenoma to cancer is still unclear, but from the perspective of molecular biology, the accumulation of multiple mutations in oncogenes (such as APC gene, K-ras gene, etc.) and tumor suppressor genes in colorectal mucosal cells forms the biological basis of pathological changes.

Adenomatous intestinal polyps are prone to canceration. Resection + tracking to prevent recurrence

Polyps are one of the signs of colorectal cancer, but not all types of polyps will turn into colorectal cancer and do not necessarily need to be removed. Dr. Nazud, a hepatobiliary gastroenterologist, said that polyps are divided into hyperplastic and glandular. Only glandular polyps can become cancerous. Once discovered, it is recommended to remove them and follow up regularly. Although hyperplastic polyps do not necessarily need to be removed, the possibility of glandular polyps growing in the future must be considered regardless of whether they are removed or not. Therefore, it is recommended to check once every 1 to 2 years to confirm whether there are glandular polyps or cancer in the intestines.