What causes breast cancer

The causes of breast cancer are closely related to genetics, environmental factors, physiological status, hormone levels, and the influence of some specific diseases. Its risk factors are often the result of multiple combined effects. By understanding the different causes, we can further improve prevention and early screening.

1. Genetic factors

The development of breast cancer is closely related to family inheritance. About 5%-10% of breast cancer patients have a family history of gene mutations, especially BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations. If a direct relative in the family, such as a mother or sister, has breast cancer, the individual's risk of developing breast cancer is significantly increased. For high-risk women, it is recommended to perform regular breast imaging examinations, consider genetic testing when necessary, and even selectively use preventive surgery.

2. Environmental factors and lifestyle

Long-term exposure to harmful conditions may increase the risk of breast cancer. For example, long-term exposure to radiation, such as multiple radiotherapy sessions, and an unhealthy diet and lifestyle (a high-fat diet, excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, and lack of exercise) can increase the incidence of breast cancer. Reducing the intake of high-calorie foods, exercising regularly to maintain a healthy weight, and quitting smoking and limiting alcohol consumption can help reduce the risk of the disease.

3. Hormone levels and physiological factors

Fluctuations in hormone levels are closely related to the occurrence of breast cancer. For example, women who have their first menstruation too early (before the age of 12) or who have their menopause too late (before the age of 55) have a longer exposure to estrogen in their bodies, so their risk of breast cancer increases. At the same time, long-term hormone replacement therapy can also increase the probability of disease. For women who need hormone therapy, regular risk assessments should be strictly followed.

4. Relationship between benign breast lesions and breast cancer

Although benign lesions such as breast hyperplasia and breast cysts generally do not directly lead to cancer, they may increase the instability of breast tissue in some cases, thereby increasing the risk of breast cancer. After discovering benign breast lesions, regular checkups should be conducted and close observation should be made for changes in the nature of the lumps, abnormal nipple secretions, and other symptoms.

5. Pathological risk factors other than genetics

Persistent inflammation, excessive breast tissue density, or certain chronic diseases such as hypothyroidism and diabetes may further increase the risk of breast cancer. These pathological conditions change the microenvironment of breast tissue to some extent, providing the possibility for the occurrence of breast cancer. At this time, it is necessary to actively manage the primary disease and maintain a healthy lifestyle.

It is very important to understand the causes of breast cancer, especially for those with a family history, who should pay attention to regular checkups and risk management. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, being alert to abnormal breast signals, and regularly undergoing breast imaging examinations are effective means of preventing and early detection of breast cancer. If abnormal breast symptoms are found, it is recommended to see a doctor as soon as possible to get a clear diagnosis and active treatment.