Factors affecting resilience

There are many things in life that people don’t understand in their daily lives. For example, toughness refers to the rebound of a plant body when it is squeezed by external force in physics. Recognition is divided into logistics resilience and psychological resilience, which is a relatively complicated thing. There are many factors that affect resilience, but what I usually focus on is psychological resilience, which is the extent to which a person can endure. The most common factors that influence psychology are personal factors. Environmental factors, now here are detailed descriptions of these things

Resilience, in English, is originally a concept in physics that refers to the rebound of an object when it is squeezed by external force. It is extended to mean the phenomenon that individuals adapt and develop well in the face of serious threats. There is still no unified understanding of the concept of psychological resilience in the academic community. There are currently three main definitions: outcome definition, process definition, and quality definition.

Defining the source

The study of psychological resilience began in the United States, but researchers from various countries have not yet reached a consensus on the concept of resilience in the scientific sense. How to translate this term into Chinese has also caused a lot of controversy. Taiwanese scholars translated it as "resilience", Hong Kong scholars translated it as "resilience", mainland scholars translated it as "psychological elasticity", "resilience", "pressure resilience", and "resilience". Korean nurses translated it as "resilience", "overcoming power", "elasticity", "toughness", etc.

There is still no unified understanding of the concept of psychological resilience in the academic community. There are currently three main definitions: outcome definition, process definition and quality definition: 1. The outcome definition focuses on defining psychological resilience from the perspective of development results. For example, psychological resilience is a type of phenomenon characterized by the fact that in the face of serious threats, individuals still adapt and develop well. 2. The process definition regards psychological resilience as a dynamic process of development and change. For example, psychological resilience is a dynamic process for individuals to adapt well in dangerous environments; psychological resilience refers to a series of abilities and characteristics that interact dynamically to enable individuals to recover quickly and cope successfully when subjected to major stress and danger. 3. The qualitative definition regards psychological resilience as an individual's ability or quality, which is a characteristic possessed by an individual. For example, psychological resilience is the ability of an individual to withstand high levels of destructive changes while exhibiting as little bad behavior as possible; psychological resilience is the ability of an individual to recover from negative experiences and flexibly adapt to a changing external environment. [1]

Influencing factors

First, personality factors. Refers to the characteristic factors within an individual that help him or her overcome adversity and develop positively.

Second, environmental factors. Environmental factors include positive factors from the larger society such as family, school and community. The first is family environment factors. As the first and most important place for individual growth, the family environment and atmosphere are important factors affecting resilience. The second is school environment factors. School atmosphere is also an important factor affecting the pressure of bullets. A positive school atmosphere, a sense of belonging to the school, good peer relationships, etc. are very meaningful for the cultivation of stress resistance.

The third factor is the community environment. The community environment is also considered to have a very important influence on the development of bomb suppression. It is generally believed that children who grow up in poor communities are more likely to have negative adjustment outcomes than those who grow up in better communities.

Research Paradigm

1. Variable-centered paradigm

Variable-centered research is mainly aimed at examining the relationship between variables. Based on existing research, Masten summarized three types of relationship models between variables, namely direct relationship model, indirect relationship model and interactive relationship model.

2. Participant-centered paradigm

Participant-centered research focuses on the whole person rather than variables, attempting to clarify the structural patterns of psychological resilience in natural situations, much like the classification system in psychiatry that organizes various symptoms into a pattern of mental disorders. Most subject-centered studies attempt to identify people with good and poor adaptation patterns in high-risk and low-risk living environments through multiple criteria, thereby examining what factors lead to different adaptation outcomes. Classic subject-centered research on resilience is conducted by comparing groups of well-adapted and maladapted subjects in the same hazardous environment.

Measuring tools

Resilience Scale

Nursing scientists Wagnild and Young [15] interviewed female subjects who had successfully coped with major setbacks and developed the Resilience Scale, which is the earliest and most widely used scale. The scale includes emotional and cognitive indicators, such as personal ability (independence, self-confidence, determination, strategy, patience, sense of control, persistence, etc.), acceptance of self and life (including adaptability, flexibility, balance), etc. The Ego Resilience Scale (ER89) compiled by Block and Kremen[16] was also developed based on an adult sample. It consists of 14 self-reported items, scored at four levels. Each item involves certain aspects of personality. It is popular because of its simplicity and small number of questions.

Resilience Scale for Children with Chronic Illness

Korean nurse Kim, DH[17] developed a resilience scale for children with chronic diseases based on the organizational framework of resilience by Mandelco & Peery[18]. Kim, DH developed and validated the reliability and validity of the scale through interviews with 202 children with chronic diseases and their mothers and expert consultation. This scale has 32 items, including 10 items on individual intrinsic characteristics, 12 items on coping styles, and 10 items on interpersonal relationships. It is scored at four levels. Each item is simple and clear, suitable for children's characteristics, and recognized by the nursing community.

Healthy Youth Resilience Scale

Based on their theoretical conception of resilience, Constantine et al. [19] developed a healthy adolescent resilience assessment questionnaire, which consists of 60 items and 19 dimensions, and divides resilience into external protective factors and internal protective factors. Among them, external protective factors exist in family, school, and peer groups; while internal protective factors refer to individual characteristics.