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I believe that many people are not very clear about what Down syndrome screening is, but in fact, it is a method of checking the health status of pregnant women and babies by testing the blood of pregnant women. It does almost no harm to the human body and is mainly suitable for older mothers. Many times, Down syndrome screening is affected by some factors, such as the age of the pregnant woman, the pregnancy cycle, and the baby's protein secretion. The following is an explanation of the factors affecting Down syndrome screening.

Factors that affect Down syndrome screening

The factors that affect the Down syndrome screening value mainly include: pregnant woman’s age, gestational age, fetoprotein secreted by the fetus, human chorionic hormone secreted by the placenta, drug factors, genetic factors, etc. Taking Dolly Mam to protect the fetus may cause human chorionic gonadotropin to exceed normal values, which may affect the Down syndrome screening value. Down syndrome screening can detect 60-70% of children with Down syndrome. It should be made clear that the Down syndrome screening test can only help determine the chance that the fetus has Down syndrome, but it cannot determine whether the fetus has Down syndrome. That is to say, when the blood test index is high, the chance of having a baby with Down syndrome is higher, but it does not mean that there must be something wrong with the fetus. Just as older pregnant women over 35 have a higher chance of having Down syndrome babies, it does not mean that their fetuses will definitely have problems.

On the other hand, even if the test index is normal, it cannot guarantee that the fetus will not be sick. Pregnant women whose Down syndrome screening index exceeds the normal level should undergo amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling. Only if the results of amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling are normal can the possibility of Down syndrome be 100% ruled out.

Amniocentesis: extract amniotic fluid, culture the cells shed by the fetus in the amniotic fluid, and test the chromosomes of the cells (test the 21 chromosomes of the fetus).

Extracting amniotic fluid: 20 ml of amniotic fluid is collected. The risks are possible infection, amniotic fluid leakage, miscarriage, and the possibility of miscarriage (probability 1/1000). Cultivating the cells shed by the fetus in the amniotic fluid has a success rate of 98/100. Check the chromosomes of the cells (check the 21 chromosomes of the fetus). Accuracy rate 100/100.

Reasons for high risk of Down syndrome screening

As for the high-risk situation of Down syndrome screening, we can check this situation in our daily life and don’t need to worry too much. As long as you maintain an optimistic attitude in life and cooperate with the doctor's treatment method, you can also get rid of the high-risk situation of Down syndrome screening.

The most common reasons for high risk in Down syndrome screening are drugs, radiation, contaminated applications of chemical products, viral infections, etc.

It needs to be made clear that whether it is low risk or high risk, there is no guarantee of absolute safety or danger. Expectant mothers must have a correct understanding, a good attitude and sufficient psychological preparation.

1. Age Factor

As the age of pregnant women increases, the incidence of fetal chromosomal abnormalities increases significantly, which is caused by aging of egg cells, uneven division and abnormal egg conception. Pregnant women who are 35 years old or older at the time of delivery should undergo prenatal diagnosis of fetal chromosomes.

2. Genetic factors

If a child with Down syndrome was born in one of the family members or one of the spouses had a chromosomal abnormality during conception, the disease may be inherited.

3. Drug factors

Before and after pregnancy, if pregnant women take teratogenic drugs, such as tetracycline, or take too many pregnancy-preserving drugs, there is a risk of having a baby with Down syndrome or affecting the results of the sugar screening.

4. Health factors

Pregnant women have a history of viral infection, such as influenza, rubella, etc., or a history of habitual miscarriage, premature birth or stillbirth, etc.

5. Environmental factors

One of the spouses works under a radioactive screen or in a polluted environment for a long time, or keeps pets for a long time.

As we all know, the result of Down syndrome screening is a matter of probability. The risk factor of having a child with Down syndrome is calculated based on the results of serum tests of pregnant women, but it does not represent a final diagnosis. The international normal value is around 1/700. When the blood test screening value is greater than 1/270, it means that the person is in a high-risk group, which means that the fetus is at a higher risk of suffering from Down syndrome.