What bacteria can make people sick

Bacteria are very tiny and are everywhere in our lives. Even in the human body, there are many bacteria living there. Some bacteria are beneficial to the human body. The intestinal bacteria in the human body can help the body digest food. However, some bacteria are harmful to the human body. They can cause diseases and even cause death in severe cases. Bacteria are closely related to human health. We must pay attention to hygiene in our lives to prevent bacterial infections. So, what germs make people sick?

Pathogens can produce pathogenic substances and cause host infection. If it does not produce pathogenic substances, it is a non-pathogenic bacterium. Under certain conditions, normal flora can also cause infection due to dysbiosis, low host immune function or changes in the site of flora residence, so they should be regarded as pathogens.

Vibrio cholerae, Shigella dysenteriae and Escherichia coli can produce enterotoxins that are secreted outside their cells and cause diarrhea in patients; the plague toxins secreted by Yersinia pestis act on blood vessels and lymph throughout the body, causing bleeding and necrosis; some bacteria, such as Salmonella, produce toxins that are not secreted outside the bacterial cells.

When people accidentally cut their hands or feet and the wounds are deep, or when a rusty nail pierces the flesh, they must go to the hospital to get a vaccination to prevent tetanus caused by Clostridium. Clostridium also comes from the soil and is an anaerobic bacterium that does not like oxygen. It thrives in deep wounds where there is less oxygen and produces a toxin that can kill people. There is also a type of Clostridium that produces one of the most powerful toxins known to humans (0.1 micrograms is enough to kill a person). It does not reproduce in the host body, but instead reproduces and produces toxins in canned pickled fish and meat. However, modern advanced and effective food preservation methods have made botulism poisoning rare.

The pathogenic substances of pathogens can be divided into two categories: toxins and invasiveness. Toxins are toxic to the host and can directly damage the body's structure and function. The invasive force itself is non-toxic, but it can break through the host body's physiological defense barriers and survive in the body (medically known as colonization), reproduce and spread. If toxins are considered the "culprit", then invasive force is the "accomplice".