What are the principles of infusion

If the condition is more serious, the doctor will often ask for an infusion. Sometimes even a cold or fever also requires an infusion. Infusion refers to a method of intravenous injection, but what are the principles of infusion? That is to say, not every disease requires intravenous infusion for treatment, especially for common colds and fevers, which should be treated with as much rest as possible and plenty of water and oral medications. Infusion is often needed when the condition worsens.

Intravenous infusion is a treatment method that administers large amounts of sterile solutions or drugs through a vein. Intravenous infusion uses the physical principle of liquid static pressure to introduce liquid into the body. An infusion bottle is a glass bottle with an inlet connected to the atmosphere and a rubber tube at the bottom. The liquid in the bottle is affected by atmospheric pressure, causing the liquid to flow into the rubber tube to form a water column. When the water column pressure is greater than the venous pressure, the liquid in the bottle flows smoothly into the vein.

1. Purpose

1. It replenishes blood volume, improves microcirculation, maintains blood pressure, and is often used to treat burns, bleeding, shock, etc.

2. Replenish water and electrolytes to regulate or maintain acid-base balance. It is often used for dehydration due to various reasons, fasting, and after major surgery.

3. Drugs are administered to achieve the purpose of detoxification, infection control, diuresis and disease treatment. Commonly used for poisoning, various infections, etc.

4. Replenish nutrition, maintain calories, promote tissue repair, and achieve positive nitrogen balance. Commonly used for chronic wasting diseases, fasting, etc.

5. Dehydrating agents are administered to increase the osmotic pressure of the blood in order to prevent or alleviate cerebral edema, reduce intracranial pressure, and improve the function of the central nervous system. At the same time, the hypertonic effect can achieve a diuretic and swelling-reducing effect.

2. Commonly used solutions

Choose the following solution according to the condition:

1. Provide water and heat with 5%-10% glucose solution.

2. Supply electrolytes using 0.9% sodium chloride, 5% glucose sodium chloride, compound sodium chloride and other solutions.

3. To adjust the acid-base balance, use 5% sodium bicarbonate, 11.2% sodium lactate solution, etc.

4. Increase plasma osmotic pressure, increase blood volume, and use various dextran injections, hydroxyethyl starch (706), oxidized polygelatin and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as plasma substitutes.

5. Diuretic dehydration, use mannitol, sorbitol, high concentration glucose injection, etc.

6. other. Used for specific therapeutic purposes, such as concentrated albumin injection, which can maintain colloid osmotic pressure and reduce tissue edema; hydrolyzed protein injection, which is used to supplement protein; there is also a nutrient solution that can be injected intravenously to provide patients with calories, maintain their positive nitrogen balance, and provide various vitamins and minerals in liquid, which is mostly used for critically ill patients who cannot eat.

3. Use

(I) Sterile items: Sterile infusion sets are of two types: closed and open, and can be selected according to the condition of the disease and the properties of the infusion solution.

1. A set of sealed infusion rubber tubes (or disposable infusion sets), which are sterilized for sealed infusion. There is a ventilation tube connected to a thick-diameter needle (inserted into the needle guard). The infusion tube includes a thick-diameter needle → short rubber tube → Moffitt dropper → long rubber tube → connecting tube → needle (inserted into the needle guard)