What are the symptoms of a misaligned hook tumor

Hamartoma is a tumor-like deformity caused by incorrect combination and arrangement of normal tissue development in organs. It is not a true tumor and is relatively harmonious with the body, so it rarely becomes malignant. Since the cause of uncus is that eating greasy food can increase the new adipose tissue, resulting in the heterofusion of excessive fat cells, patients often have bad eating habits such as unreasonable diet structure, excessive drinking, and love of eating fatty meat.

1. Clinical manifestations

1. Pulmonary Hamartoma

Symptoms include cough, sputum, hemoptysis, shortness of breath, chest pain, fever, etc. Symptoms of mainstem bronchi, lobar bronchi, and especially those in the carina area appear early, often accompanied by wheezing, and may even cause severe dyspnea and cyanosis.

2. Renal Hamartoma

Some larger hamartomas may cause digestive tract discomfort due to compression of the duodenum, stomach and other organs. When a larger hamartoma suddenly ruptures, symptoms such as lower back and abdominal pain and hematuria may occur.

3. Hepatic Hamartoma

A mass can be felt in the right upper abdomen, which is hard, non-tender, and moves up and down with breathing. In the late stage, a huge painless abdominal mass and the resulting compression symptoms may appear. Digestive tract symptoms include nausea, vomiting, abdominal distension, constipation, etc. The mass presses upward on the diaphragm, causing breathing difficulties. In severe cases, it can cause respiratory distress or heart failure, as well as symptoms such as anemia and weight loss.

4. Hypothalamic Hamartoma

It manifests as paroxysmal silly laughter that lasts for several seconds or tens of seconds and then stops suddenly. There is no loss of consciousness during the attack. Abnormal behavior manifests itself in hurting people, destroying property, irritability, aggressive behavior, anger attacks, etc. Cognitive dysfunction manifests itself in ADHD, poor attention, delayed language development, poor learning ability, and low IQ.

5. Breast Hamartoma

Breast hamartoma is often a single round, oval or oblate tumor with clear boundaries and a soft texture. If it is surrounded by fibrous tissue, it will feel harder. The tumor has good mobility and no adhesion to the surrounding area. It grows slowly, is asymptomatic, and is often discovered accidentally by patients.

II. Treatment

1) Pulmonary hamartoma

Most pulmonary hamartomas are benign, with malignancy accounting for only about 0.5%, and early surgery is often recommended.

2) Renal Hamartoma

Follow-up: Tumors < 4 cm may not require treatment, but close follow-up is required. Nephrectomy: Giant renal hamartomas can be treated with nephrectomy; in a few cases, there may be local and lymph node invasion, showing malignant behavior, and radical nephrectomy should be performed.

3) Hepatic Hamartoma

Surgery remains the preferred treatment for this disease. Because hamartomas are often clearly demarcated from normal liver tissue, tumor resection may be an option.

4. Hypothalamic Hamartoma

Drug treatment of precocious puberty HH is not a true tumor, it grows slowly, and the volume of the lesion may remain unchanged for many years. Therefore, if it only manifests as a single symptom of precocious puberty, gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues can be used to control it.

5. Breast Hamartoma

Breast hamartoma should be actively removed surgically, and the diagnosis should be confirmed by paraffin section. There is generally no recurrence after surgery and the prognosis is good.