How to do paternity test most accurately

Paternity testing is a very important technology that plays a key role in cases where it is suspected that a child is not one's own, or in reuniting lost family members. The principles of paternity testing are quite professional, and we don’t understand them or care about them. However, paternity testing is a serious matter, and the most concerning thing is accuracy, so there must be no problems in this aspect. So, how to do paternity testing most accurately? Let’s take a look below.

my country introduced DNA identification technology very early, but it was mainly used to solve major criminal cases. It was not until 1989 that the first paternity test was carried out. With the stabilization of technology and the reduction of costs, the application of DNA identification technology in my country has expanded rapidly since the 21st century. In forensic medicine, this technology has played an important role in the identification of abducted women and children, and the certification of major cases. Major cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, and Tianjin have also established DNA criminal databases of a certain scale. In social life, DNA identification technology has very wide applications from immigration visas and tracing roots to registering children, confirming illegitimate children, suspected spouse infidelity, inheritance, wrong baby in the delivery room, etc.

Although different people have different purposes for doing DNA paternity testing, they all attach equal importance to the results of paternity testing. The conclusion of the paternity test is obtained based on the calculation results of the analysis and explanation. The confirmation or denial of the parent-child relationship is generally concluded by support or non-support, such as supporting that xxx is the biological father (mother) of xxx, rather than directly using language such as recognition or exclusion. Because the conclusion of DNA identification is calculated based on the statistical data of different sites in the population. Increasing the number of detection sites can increase the RCP value. The RCP value can be infinitely close to 1, but it can never reach 1, which means it can never reach 100%. Therefore, from the perspective of forensic science, scientific terms should be used to describe the test conclusions.

Genetic theory has confirmed that half of a child's genomic DNA comes from each biological parent. At present, the kinship identification carried out by forensic evidence professionals includes the following categories:

1. Conventional blood relationship identification: This is the most in-demand type of parentage relationship identification, including parent-child tripartite (also known as a triad) and father-child (or mother-child) pair (also known as a dyad) parentage identification. The accuracy of this type of identification can reach 99.999999%.

2. Inter-generational kinship identification: This type of identification refers to confirming the kinship between great-grandparents, grandparents, and great-grandchildren and grandchildren. It also includes simple paternal kinship identification, such as confirming the kinship between great-grandfather, grandfather, and great-grandson, and grandson, as well as simple maternal kinship identification, such as confirming the kinship between great-grandmother, grandmother, and granddaughter, great-granddaughter.

3. Difficult kinship identification: In addition to the above two categories, there are some more difficult kinship identifications, such as the identification of siblings (brothers, sisters, brothers and sisters) and cousins ​​whose parents are both suspected (non-existent), the kinship identification between uncles and nephews, between aunts and nieces, and between uncles and nephews (nieces).