Appendicitis is a very common disease symptom. Most people have experienced this disease. When it occurs, the condition is quite serious and the onset is very sudden. There is no precursor reaction at all. The patient will feel severe pain in his abdomen, and it is continuous and severe pain that cannot be relieved accordingly. Therefore, it is necessary to get certain control as soon as possible during the acute attack period of the disease. Clinical manifestations 1. Acute appendicitis (1) Abdominal pain: Typical acute appendicitis causes pain in the upper and middle abdomen or around the umbilicus in the early stages. After a few hours, the pain moves to and becomes fixed in the right lower abdomen. When the inflammation spreads to the serosa and parietal peritoneum, the pain is fixed in the right lower abdomen, and the original pain in the upper abdomen or around the umbilicus is alleviated or disappears. Therefore, the absence of a typical history of migratory right lower quadrant pain does not exclude acute appendicitis. Simple appendicitis often presents with paroxysmal or persistent distending pain and dull pain. Persistent severe pain often indicates purulent or gangrenous appendicitis. Continuous severe pain affecting the middle or lower abdomen or both sides of the lower abdomen is often a sign of gangrenous appendix perforation. (2) Gastrointestinal symptoms The gastrointestinal symptoms of simple appendicitis are not prominent. In the early stages, nausea and vomiting may occur due to reflex gastric spasm. Pelvic appendicitis or gangrenous appendix perforation may cause increased bowel movement frequency. (3) The fever is usually low-grade, without chills, and the temperature of purulent appendicitis generally does not exceed 38°C. High fever is often seen in appendix gangrene, perforation or complicated by peritonitis. (4) Tenderness and rebound tenderness Abdominal tenderness is a manifestation of inflammatory irritation of the parietal peritoneum. The tenderness point of the appendix is usually located at McBurney's point, which is the junction of the middle and outer 1/3 of the line connecting the right anterior superior iliac spine and the umbilicus. Rebound tenderness is also called Blumberg's sign. In obese patients or those with retrocecal appendicitis, tenderness may be mild but there may be significant rebound tenderness. (5) Abdominal muscle tension: This sign is present when there is appendicitis or suppuration, and is particularly evident when there is gangrene, perforation, and peritonitis. However, the abdominal muscles of elderly or obese patients are weaker, so the contralateral abdominal muscles must be checked at the same time for comparison. (6) In the early stage of skin hyperesthesia, especially when there is obstruction in the appendix cavity, skin hyperesthesia in the right lower abdomen may occur. The range is equivalent to the innervation area of the 10th to 12th thoracic cord segments, located in the triangle formed by the highest point of the right iliac crest, the right pubic crest and the umbilicus, also known as Sherren's triangle. It does not change due to the different positions of the appendix. If the appendix is gangrenous and perforated, the skin hyperesthesia in this triangle will disappear. |
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