What is the normal value of serum calcium? What are the impacts?

The body's health level can be reflected by many examination indicators. Serum calcium is a very important examination item among the physical health indicators. The serum calcium index can be used to determine the causes of some diseases, thus laying the foundation for treatment. What is the normal value of serum calcium? What are the impacts? Let me give you a detailed introduction below.

Normal serum calcium values:

Serum calcium (adults): 2.03-2.54 mmol/L, serum ionized calcium: 1.13-1.35 mmol/L

① Increased blood calcium:

A. Hyperparathyroidism: There are two types: primary and secondary. Secondary to rickets, osteomalacia and chronic renal failure. The blood calcium level increases to greater than 2.6mmol/L, and can reach a maximum of 4.5mmol/L. At the same time, the blood phosphorus level decreases to less than 1.13mmol/L, and can reach a minimum of 0.64mmol/L. Urinary calcium increases, greater than 9.68mmol/24h in men and greater than 8.07mmol/24h in women.

B. Hypervitaminosis D: Serum calcium and phosphorus may increase, and calcium deposition in the kidneys may develop into renal calcification.

C. Increased blood calcium in multiple myeloma: often due to increased globulin and increased calcium binding.

D. Extensive bone metastasis of the tumor: moderate increase in blood calcium, but normal or slightly elevated phosphorus, increased urinary calcium excretion, and increased urinary hydroxyproline excretion, reflecting the decomposition of bone collagen.

② Decreased blood calcium: Decreased blood calcium can cause increased neuromuscular irritability and tetany, which can be seen in the following diseases:

A. Hypoparathyroidism: Hypoparathyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland is removed surgically and the parathyroid glands become dysfunctional. Serum calcium may drop to 1.25-1.50 mmol/L, and serum phosphorus may increase to 1.62-2.42 mmol/L. Pseudohypoparathyroidism is not caused by a lack of parathyroid hormone, but by a lack of adenylate cyclase in the kidneys that responds to parathyroid hormone, which causes a decrease in serum calcium.

B. Chronic nephritis and uremia: Insufficient vitamin D3-1 hydroxylase and active vitamin D3 in the renal tubules cause a decrease in total serum calcium. Due to the decrease in plasma albumin, bound calcium decreases, but metabolic acidosis increases ionized calcium, so tetany is less likely to occur.

C. Rickets and osteomalacia: Lack of vitamin D in the body causes calcium absorption disorders and low serum calcium and phosphorus levels.

D. Malabsorption-induced hypocalcemia: In severe celiac disease, calcium in the diet reacts with unabsorbed fatty acids to form calcium soaps that are excreted.

E. After large-scale transfusion of citrate anticoagulated blood: hypocalcemic tetany may occur.