Lymphoma blood indicators

Blood tests can detect many abnormal conditions in the human body. For example, when a girl suspects that she is pregnant, she can confirm it through a blood test. At the same time, lymph, as the most important immune tissue in the human body, is also prone to develop into lymphoma. If you suspect you have lymphoma, you should go to the hospital for a check-up in time. During the examination, doctors usually ask patients to take blood tests, so what are the blood indicators of patients with lymphoma?

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1. Routine blood test and blood smear

Routine blood tests are generally normal and may be combined with anemia of chronic disease; HL may show an increase in PLT, WBC, and eosinophilia; aggressive NHL invading the bone marrow may cause anemia, a decrease in WBC and PLT, and lymphoma cells may appear in the peripheral blood.

2. Bone marrow smear and biopsy

Bone marrow involvement is rare in HL. NHL invades the bone marrow. Lymphoma cells can be seen in bone marrow smears. The cells are large in size, rich in chromatin, gray-blue in color, and obviously abnormal in morphology. A "tailing phenomenon" can be seen. Lymphoma cells ≥ 20% are lymphoma leukemia. Bone marrow biopsy can show lymphoma cell aggregation and infiltration. Bone marrow smears of some patients may show increased hemophagocytosis and hemophagocytosis, which is more common in T-cell NHL.

3. Blood biochemistry

Increased LDH is related to tumor burden and is an indicator of poor prognosis. HL may be accompanied by increased ESR and ALP.

4. Cerebrospinal fluid examination

Patients with moderately or highly aggressive NHL clinical stage III/IV may have central nervous system involvement or central nervous system symptoms and require cerebrospinal fluid examination, which is manifested by increased cerebrospinal fluid pressure, increased biochemical protein, and increased number of conventional cells, mainly mononuclear cells. Lymphoma cells may be found in pathological examination or flow cytometry.

5. Histopathological examination

The basic pathological morphological change of HL is the presence of diagnostic RS cells and their variants in a mixed proliferation background of various inflammatory cells. Immunohistochemical characteristics: classical type: CD15+, CD30+, CD25+; nodular lymphocyte-predominant type: CD19+, CD20+, EMA+, CD15-, CD30-. NHL lymph node or tissue pathology shows destruction of normal lymph node or tissue structure, scattered or diffuse infiltration of tumor cells. Different pathological types have their own unique pathological manifestations and immune phenotypes.

6. TCR or IgH gene rearrangement

Can be positive.