How to treat bronchial asthma?

Bronchial asthma can cause repeated attacks, wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, coughing, etc. Generally speaking, the attacks are more severe in the middle of the night and early morning, which is the peak period. Many patients will gradually get better after treatment or if the symptoms are relatively mild. The attacks are very painful and seriously affect the patient's life. So, how to treat bronchial asthma?

1. Treatment purpose

Treatment should be carried out actively to achieve complete control of symptoms. Protect and maintain lung function as normal as possible. The key to avoiding or reducing adverse drug reactions is a reasonable treatment plan and long-term treatment.

2. Medication

According to their mechanism of action, they can be divided into two categories: bronchodilator and anti-inflammatory. Some drugs have both bronchodilator and anti-inflammatory effects.

3. Theophylline drugs

Commonly used ones include aminophylline and propylhydroxyphylline, also known as theophylline. For patients with chronic bronchial asthma, aminophylline can be taken orally, with a daily dose of about 10 to 12 mg/kg.

For acute attacks, slow intravenous injection and drip can be used. For the elderly, patients with heart disease, and liver cirrhosis, taking drugs such as erythromycin and cimetidine may slow down the excretion of aminophylline.

Therefore, in this case, the dosage of aminophylline should be reduced as appropriate. The side effects of aminophylline include nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, excitement, insomnia, polyuria, etc.

4. Adrenergic receptor stimulants

Commonly used preparations include hydroxymethylisoproterenol, hydroxyisoproterenol, phenolisoproterenol, phenolthiazide, chlorpromazine, isoproterenol, albuterol, valproate, ammonia, clenbuterol, etc.

Ephedrine, 15-30 mg orally, 3-4 times a day. The side effects of ephedrine include palpitations, rapid heart rate, increased blood pressure, excitement, insomnia, etc.

5. Anticholinergic drugs

Commonly used ones include atropine sulfate, ipratropium, etc.

6. Mast cell stabilizers

Such as disodium cromoglycate, ketotifen, pyrazine imidazoline, etc.

7. Corticosteroids

Commonly used preparations include short-acting hydrocortisone, medium-acting prednisone, long-acting dexamethasone, betamethasone, and flumethasone. During an attack, patients with mild symptoms usually take aminophylline or theophylline orally. If this is ineffective, salbutamol or isoproterenol can be added, or ipratropium can be added for nebulization inhalation. If asthma continues to worsen, measures such as intravenous medication should be used.

To prevent asthma attacks, you should avoid contact with various factors that may easily induce it. Disodium cromoglycate can be used. Place 20 mg powder capsules in a special inhaler and inhale the powder 4 times a day. Ketotifen can be taken twice a day, 1 mg each time, and one course of treatment is 6 weeks. Desensitization therapy can also be used.

Patients should try not to use paint when at home, do not use strongly scented toiletries and cosmetics, do not touch plush toys, and it is best to use pure cotton quilts. Clothes and quilts should be changed and washed frequently and hung out to dry. Do not keep cats and dogs, eat less cold drinks and snacks, actively prevent colds, and avoid catching cold.