What is piercing

When it comes to this special treatment method called puncture, I believe many people don’t know what it is. In fact, puncture is a procedure in which special needles are inserted into our organs and body cavities to extract our secretions, which are then used for examination and testing. This can greatly facilitate doctors in finding suitable treatment plans and techniques. So what are the types of piercing?

In fact, puncture is one of the more common inspection methods at present, and there are many types of punctures. In addition to brain or spinal cord puncture, some chest body cavities, even abdominal body cavities and organ punctures are also very common. Below I will introduce to you what puncture is and what types of punctures are included.

What is a puncture?

Puncture is a diagnostic and treatment technique in which a special needle is inserted into the body cavity to extract secretions, or inject gas, contrast agent, or medicine. A diagnostic and treatment technique in which a puncture needle is inserted into the body cavity to extract secretions for testing, inject gas or contrast agent into the body cavity for imaging examination, or inject drugs into the body cavity. The purpose is to draw blood for testing, perform blood transfusions, infusions, and insert catheters for angiography.

Classification

1 Brain or spinal puncture

Subdural puncture: commonly used in infants and young children. When the anterior fontanelle is not closed or the coronal suture is enlarged, a lumbar puncture needle is used to penetrate the subdural mater from the lateral angle of the anterior fontanelle or from the coronal suture to extract the subdural fluid in traumatic chronic subdural hematoma and purulent meningitis, and then an appropriate amount of antibiotics is injected.

Ventricular puncture: It can be divided into three types: anterior horn puncture, lateral horn puncture and posterior horn puncture. Use a skull cone to quickly drill through the skull 2 ​​cm behind the anterior hairline and 2.5 cm beside the midline, and then use a lumbar puncture needle or ventricular drainage tube to penetrate the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle.

Cerebral vascular puncture: The common carotid artery or vertebral artery can be punctured and contrast agent can be injected for cerebral angiography. Common carotid artery angiography can show the blood vessels of the cerebral hemispheres. Vertebral angiography can demonstrate the infratentorial vessels.

Lumbar puncture: Puncture of the subarachnoid space of the lumbar spinal cord with a lumbar puncture needle is an important clinical auxiliary examination method in neurology. It can be used to measure intracranial pressure, collect cerebrospinal fluid for routine, biochemical and bacteriological examinations, tumor cell and enzyme examinations, and provide a basis for the diagnosis of intracranial inflammation, tumors and other diseases.

2 Thoracic puncture

Pleural puncture: The puncture point is between the 7th and 9th ribs below the scapula or between the 6th and 7th ribs on the mid-axillary line. Gas can be removed to treat pneumothorax, inflammatory exudate from the pleural cavity can be removed, or drugs can be injected to treat pleurisy and relieve symptoms of respiratory distress.

Pericardiocentesis: Use a thoracocentesis needle to puncture the pericardial cavity outside the boundary of cardiac dullness at the 5th and 6th intercostal space on the left midclavicular line.

3 Abdominal body cavity and organ puncture

Abdominal puncture: Puncture the abdominal cavity 1 cm above the midpoint of the line connecting the navel to the pubic bone, and 1 to 1.5 cm lateral to it. Used to diagnose unexplained ascites and drain ascites to relieve breathing difficulties. The drug can also be injected into the abdominal cavity.

Liver puncture: can be used for biopsy.

Bladder puncture: Puncture of the bladder above the midpoint of the pubic bone, used for patients with urinary retention due to prostatic hypertrophy and catheterization failure.

Uterine puncture: The uterus is punctured above the pubic bone, and amniotic fluid is taken out to measure the lecithin/nitrophospholipid ratio. This helps to determine the maturity of the fetal lungs, whether the fetus will suffer from hyaline membrane disease after birth, and predict the best time and method of pregnancy.

I believe everyone already knows what puncture is. In fact, puncture is not scary, and the puncture surgery has developed quite maturely, so the safety during the operation is very high. Of course, you must cooperate with the doctor to make various preparations before and after the operation, so that the secretions from the body cavity can be accurately extracted, which will further help the doctor analyze and diagnose the condition.