What are the common causes of nasopharyngeal cancer?

The occurrence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma is related to multiple factors such as genetics, environment, and viral infection. Early detection and treatment are the key. The main causes include Epstein-Barr virus infection, genetic susceptibility, environmental exposure such as smoking, pickled food, and chronic nasopharyngitis.

1. Epstein-Barr virus infection

Epstein-Barr virus is one of the important causes of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. This virus is transmitted through saliva. After infection, it may remain dormant in the body for a long time, causing abnormal cell proliferation. Epstein-Barr virus infection is closely related to the occurrence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, especially in high-incidence areas such as southern China. The key to preventing Epstein-Barr virus infection is to avoid sharing tableware with infected people and reduce contact with saliva.

2. Genetic factors

People with a family history of nasopharyngeal cancer have a higher risk of the disease. Studies have shown that certain gene mutations may increase susceptibility to nasopharyngeal cancer. If there is a family member with nasopharyngeal cancer, it is recommended to have regular nasopharyngeal examinations. Early screening can help reduce the risk.

3. Environmental factors

Long-term exposure to harmful environments is another important cause of nasopharyngeal cancer. Smoking, inhaling industrial waste gas, and eating preserved foods such as salted fish can increase the risk of disease. Nitrites in preserved foods may be converted into carcinogens in the body. It is recommended to reduce the intake of such foods and eat more fresh vegetables and fruits.

4. Chronic nasopharyngitis

Chronic nasopharyngitis is one of the potential causes of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Long-term inflammatory stimulation may lead to abnormal cell proliferation and then develop into cancer. For patients with chronic nasopharyngitis, timely treatment should be sought to avoid repeated attacks of inflammation.

5. Other factors

Long-term exposure to harmful substances such as formaldehyde and asbestos may also increase the risk of nasopharyngeal cancer. People who are occupationally exposed to these substances should strengthen protective measures and undergo regular health checks.

Treatments for NPC include radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery. Radiotherapy is the first choice for NPC, especially for patients in the early stages. Chemotherapy is often used in combination with radiotherapy to improve efficacy. For patients with locally advanced disease, surgery may be a necessary option. Traditional Chinese medicine conditioning and immunotherapy can also be used as auxiliary means.

The key to preventing nasopharyngeal cancer is to avoid risk factors, such as quitting smoking, reducing the intake of pickled foods, and regular physical examinations. Early detection and treatment are the key to improving the cure rate. If you experience persistent nasal congestion, nose bleeding, tinnitus and other symptoms, you should seek medical attention and undergo professional examinations in a timely manner.