What causes bladder cancer?

Oncologists say that bladder cancer is a type of urinary system tumor with a relatively high incidence rate. The occurrence of the disease is closely related to many factors, such as smoking, sex hormone levels, and repeated urinary tract infections. Therefore, in daily life, we should stay away from the above causes, which will greatly help reduce the occurrence of bladder cancer. Please allow oncologists to introduce the specific content to you in detail below.

What are the causes of bladder cancer?

1. Sex hormone levels

The ratio of male to female bladder cancer is 3:1. The reason is that androgens and estrogens affect the gene expression of bladder tissue. Androgens can stimulate the expression of oncogenes in bladder mucosal cells, increasing the risk of bladder cancer.

2. Long-term exposure to chemical carcinogens

According to statistics, the incidence of bladder cancer among workers engaged in dye operations is 15 to 32 times that of the general population. The reason is that the dyes they are exposed to for a long time contain carcinogens such as 2-naphthylamine, 1-naphthylamine, benzidine, 4-aminobiphenyl, etc. These carcinogens can enter the body through the skin, respiratory tract or digestive tract, act in the bladder, cause malignant changes in the bladder mucosa, and induce bladder cancer.

3. Recurrent urinary tract infections

Recurrent urinary tract infections in women are a risk factor for renal pelvis cancer, ureteral cancer, and bladder cancer. Clinically, squamous cell carcinoma is more common in bladder cancer patients with long-term bladder infections or chronic inflammatory processes, which is related to the irregular proliferation of bladder cells caused by chronic stimulation.

4. Smoking

The risk of bladder cancer in smokers is four times that of the general population. Acrolein is the simplest chemical in the carcinogenic chemical composition of cigarettes. Each cigarette contains 100 mg of acrolein, which is toxic, teratogenic and possibly tumorigenic. According to statistics, 1/3 to 1/2 of bladder cancer patients have a history of smoking.

5. Age

The incidence of bladder cancer is related to age, and the incidence rate of both men and women over 40 years old increases significantly. Elderly men often have symptomatic prostate hypertrophy, urination difficulties and even urinary retention. Carcinogens stay in the bladder for a longer time, which increases the stimulation to the bladder mucosa and causes it to become malignant. In addition, the body's immunity is reduced in the elderly, and the ability to eliminate malignant cells is reduced, so bladder cancer is more likely to occur.

What are the causes of bladder cancer? The above is a detailed introduction. Oncologists say that the incidence of bladder cancer has been increasing in recent years, so everyone should do a good job in preventing bladder cancer, which will help reduce the incidence of bladder cancer.