What are the complications of bladder cancer

Common complications of bladder cancer include bladder cancer pain, severe hematuria, and urinary retention. The metastatic pathways of bladder tumors include lymphatic, bloodstream, direct spread, and direct implantation of tumor cells. Lymphatic metastasis is the most common pathway. Bladder cancer can metastasize to the internal iliac, external iliac, and obturator lymph nodes, or to the common iliac lymph nodes. Some people point out that the internal iliac and obturator lymph nodes are the first lymph nodes for bladder cancer metastasis.

Bladder cancer metastasizes through the blood, often in advanced cases, most commonly to the liver, followed by the lungs and bones. Skin, adrenal glands, kidneys, pancreas, heart, testicles, salivary glands, ovaries, muscles and gastrointestinal tract have all been reported, but they are all in the minority.

Direct spread of bladder cancer often occurs in the prostate or posterior urethra. Bladder cancer can extend outside the bladder and adhere to the pelvic cavity to form a fixed mass, or spread to the mucosa at the top of the bladder.

Complications after bladder cancer surgery: bleeding, pelvic infection, rectal injury, anuria, wound rupture. Complications after radiotherapy: frequent urination, urgency, dysuria, hematuria, blood in the stool, tenesmus, rectal stenosis or perforation, intestinal adhesion, intestinal obstruction, small intestinal perforation. Complications of arterial infusion chemotherapy: persistent burning pain in the buttocks or thighs, vascular rupture.