What are the most common risk factors for lung cancer? These five factors are very likely to induce lung cancer

Smoking is harmful to health. This is a phrase we often say. I believe many smokers understand this truth, but how many smokers will quit smoking for this reason? Every year, a large number of smokers die from lung cancer. Here we will introduce to you the common causes of lung cancer. Let us take a look.

1. Smoking

Numerous studies have shown that smoking is the primary cause of the progressive increase in lung cancer mortality. Benzopyrene, nicotine, nitrosamines and a small amount of radioactive elements such as polonium in smoke are all carcinogenic, especially squamous cell carcinoma and undifferentiated small cell carcinoma. Compared with non-smokers, smokers have an average risk of lung cancer that is 4 to 10 times higher, and heavy smokers have a risk that is 10 to 25 times higher.

Passive smoking or environmental smoking is also one of the causes of lung cancer. The risk of lung cancer in non-smoking wives whose husbands smoke is twice that of wives in non-smoking families, and the risk increases with the amount of smoking by the husband.

(II) Occupational carcinogens

The confirmed occupational factors that cause lung cancer in humans include asbestos, arsenic, chromium, nickel, beryllium, coal tar, mustard gas, trichloromethyl ether, chloromethyl methyl ether, heating products of tobacco, radon and radon protons produced by the decay of radioactive substances such as uranium and radium, ionizing radiation and microwave radiation. These factors can increase the risk of lung cancer by 3 to 30 times. Among them, asbestos is a recognized carcinogen. The incidence of lung cancer, pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma in those exposed to it is significantly increased, and the incubation period can be up to 20 years or longer. The lung cancer mortality rate of smokers exposed to asbestos is 8 times that of non-exposed smokers.

3. Air pollution

Air pollution includes indoor micro-environment and outdoor macro-environment pollution. Passive smoking, fuel combustion and cooking in indoor environment may produce carcinogens. Data show that using coal indoors, contact with coal smoke or its incomplete combustion products are risk factors for lung cancer, especially for female adenocarcinoma. The oil smoke released by heating during cooking is also a carcinogenic factor that cannot be ignored. In the atmosphere of heavy industrial cities, there are carcinogens such as 3,4-benzopyrene, arsenic oxide, radioactive substances, nickel, chromium compounds and non-combustible aliphatic hydrocarbons.

(IV) Ionizing radiation

Large doses of ionizing radiation can cause lung cancer. Different radiation has different effects. For example, the atomic bomb in Hiroshima, Japan, released neutrons and alpha radiation, while the atomic bomb in Nagasaki released only alpha radiation. The former has a higher risk of lung cancer than the latter. In 1978, the United States reported that about 49.6% of the ionizing radiation in the general population came from nature, 44.6% from medical exposure, and 36.7% from X-ray diagnosis.

5. Diet and Nutrition

Some studies have shown that people who eat less vegetables and fruits containing beta-carotene have a higher risk of lung cancer. People with low levels of beta-carotene in their serum also have a higher risk of lung cancer. Epidemiological survey data also show that eating more green, yellow and orange vegetables and fruits containing beta-carotene and foods containing vitamin A can reduce the risk of lung cancer. This protective effect is particularly evident for current or former smokers.