What are the 9 common types of lymphoma?

Lymphoma originates from the lymphatic tissue of the human body. Lymph is distributed throughout the human body. The so-called lymphatic system includes lymphatic tissue and organs, such as the spleen and tonsils. It also includes a type of lymph node white blood cells and bean-shaped lymph nodes, which function to fight against infections caused by bacteria. The following are 9 common types of lymphoma commonly seen in clinical practice.

Clinical manifestations

Malignant lymphoma is a tumor with great heterogeneity. Although lymphoma often occurs in lymph nodes, due to the distribution characteristics of the lymphatic system, lymphoma is a systemic disease that can invade almost any tissue and organ in the human body. Therefore, the clinical manifestations of malignant lymphoma not only have certain common characteristics, but also vary greatly according to different pathological types, locations and invasion ranges.

Local manifestations are superficial and deep lymphadenopathy, which are mostly painless, smooth, active, and hard, full, and uniform. Early activities are isolated or scattered in the neck, axilla, groin, and other parts. Pharyngeal lymphatic ring lesions The oropharynx, tongue root, tonsils, and nasopharyngeal mucosa and mucosa are rich in lymphoid tissue, which is composed of pharyngeal lymphatic rings, also known as Wedeley's rings, which are prone to malignant lymphoma; primary nasal lymphoma is mainly NHL, and the main pathological types are NK/T cell lymphoma and diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Chest lesions Mediastinal lymph nodes are common sites of malignant lymphoma, mainly seen in primary mediastinal large B cell lymphoma and HL, NHL precursor cell lymphoma. There are round or quasi-circular or lobed shadows on the chest X-ray. The progression of the lesion may lead to bronchial atelectasis, and sometimes the central necrosis of the tumor forms a cavity. Some lung lesions show diffuse interstitial changes, and clinical symptoms are obvious at this time, often with cough, sputum, shortness of breath, and dyspnea. Secondary infection may be accompanied by fever; malignant lymphoma invades the myocardium and pericardium, manifesting as pericardial effusion, and lymphoma invades the myocardium, manifesting as cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia, and abnormal electrocardiogram. The abdominal spleen is the most common subdiaphragmatic invasion site of HL. The gastrointestinal tract is the most common extra-orbital lesion site of NHL. Mesenteric, retroperitoneal, and iliac fossa lymph nodes are also common invasion sites of lymphoma. Cutaneous malignant lymphoma can be primary or secondary invasion of the skin, which is more common in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Bone marrow infiltration of myeloid malignant lymphoma is manifested as bone marrow infiltration or combined with leukemia, which is often one of the late manifestations of the disease, mostly NHL. Neurological manifestations: Other manifestations include progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, subacute necrotizing myelopathy, sensory or motor neuropathy, and multiple myopathy. Malignant lymphoma may also originate primarily or secondarily in the brain, epidural, testicles, ovaries, vagina, cervix, breast, thyroid, adrenal glands, orbital tissue, larynx, and skeletal muscle and soft tissue. The clinical manifestations are complex and varied, and care should be taken to differentiate them.

Systemic manifestations include

Systemic symptoms

Malignant lymphoma may cause systemic symptoms such as fever, itching, night sweats, and weight loss before or at the same time as lymph node enlargement.

Immune and blood system performance

When malignant lymphoma is diagnosed, 10% to 20% may develop anemia, some patients may have increased white blood cell count, thrombocytosis, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and some patients may have leukemic reactions with a significant increase in neutrophils. Increased lactate dehydrogenase is related to tumor load. Some patients, especially those in the advanced stage, have abnormal immune function. In B-cell NHL, different amounts of monoclonal immunoglobulins can be detected in the serum of some patients.

Skin lesions

Patients with malignant lymphoma may have a series of nonspecific skin manifestations, including polymorphism, erythema, blisters, erosions, etc. Patients with advanced malignant lymphoma have low immune function, and skin infections often ulcerate and exude for a long time, forming systemic scattered skin thickening and peeling.

1. Marginal zone lymphoma: refers to lymphoma originating from B cells between marginal zone lymph follicles and follicular mantles. It can be divided into lymph node marginal zone B cell lymphoma, splenic marginal zone cell lymphoma and extranodal marginal zone B cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue.
2. Follicular lymphoma: Lymphoma that occurs in the germinal center, originates from B cells, responds well to chemotherapy, but is prone to recurrence and becoming invasive.
3. Mantle cell lymphoma: It originates from B cells in the mantle of follicles, is more common in elderly men, develops rapidly, has poor chemotherapy response, and the average survival time is 2 to 3 years.
4. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: This is the most common type, which is difficult to treat and has a 5-year survival rate of only 25%.
5. Burkitt's lymphoma is highly malignant and invasive, often occurring in children, and is characterized by involvement of the jaw.
6. Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma: It is a type of aggressive T-cell lymphoma and is often treated with chemotherapy containing doxorubicin.
7. Anaplastic large cell lymphoma: It originates from T cells and progresses rapidly, often accompanied by skin invasion, with or without lymph node and other extranodal lesions.
8. Peripheral T-cell lymphoma: An aggressive T-cell lymphoma that often affects the skin, lungs, and central nervous system. Most patients have immunodeficiency, poor chemotherapy responses, and a poor prognosis, with a survival period of less than one year.
9. Mycosis fungoides is an indolent lymphoma: the proliferating cells are mature helper T cells.
The above are the 9 common types of lymphoma. I believe you have already learned about them and I hope it can help everyone.