What are the examination items for lung cancer

What are the examination items for lung cancer? The diagnosis of the disease is inseparable from formal scientific examinations, especially for some tumor diseases, many examination items are needed to finally confirm the diagnosis. Lung cancer is a malignant tumor with a particularly high incidence in my country, posing a serious threat to the life and health of patients. So, what are the examination items for lung cancer? The following article introduces you in detail.

1. Bronchoscopy: Bronchoscope can be used to directly observe the pathological changes of the bronchial endothelium and lumen. Tumor tissue can be taken for pathological examination, or bronchial secretions can be aspirated for cytological examination to confirm the diagnosis and determine the histological type.

2. X-ray examination: X-ray examination can be used to understand the location and size of lung cancer. Local emphysema and atelectasis caused by bronchial obstruction may be seen, or infiltrative lesions or lung inflammation in the vicinity of the lesion may be seen.

3. Cytology: Sputum cytology is a simple and effective method for lung cancer screening and diagnosis. Most patients with primary lung cancer can find detached cancer cells in their sputum. The positive rate of sputum cytology for central lung cancer can reach 70% to 90%, while the positive rate for sputum cytology for peripheral lung cancer is only about 50%.

4. Thoracotomy: If the nature of the lung mass cannot be determined after multiple examinations and short-term diagnostic treatment, and the possibility of lung cancer cannot be ruled out, thoracotomy should be performed. This can avoid delaying the disease and causing lung cancer patients to lose the opportunity for early treatment.

5. ECT examination: ECT bone imaging can detect bone metastasis at an early stage. Both X-rays and bone imaging have positive findings. If the osteogenic reaction of the lesion is quiescent and the metabolism is inactive, the bone imaging is negative and the X-ray is positive. The two complement each other and can improve the diagnosis rate. It should be noted that the false positive rate of ECT bone imaging in diagnosing lung cancer bone metastasis can reach 20% to 30%, so those with positive ECT bone imaging need to undergo MRI scanning of the bones in the positive area.

6. Mediastinoscopy: Mediastinoscopy is mainly used for patients with mediastinal lymph node metastasis who are not suitable for surgical treatment and cannot obtain pathological diagnosis by other methods. Mediastinoscopy should be performed under general anesthesia. A transverse incision is made in the concave part of the sternum, and the soft tissue in the front of the neck is bluntly separated to reach the pretracheal space. The pretracheal passage is bluntly freed, and an observation scope is placed and slowly passed behind the innominate artery to observe the enlarged lymph nodes beside the trachea, tracheobronchial angle and under the carina. The lymph node tissue is dissected and peeled with special biopsy forceps for pathological examination.

Lung cancer is one of the malignant tumors with the fastest growing incidence and mortality rate and the greatest threat to human health and life. We all need to take active precautions, especially smokers, who need to be more vigilant. Smoking not only directly affects one's own health, but also has adverse effects on the health of people around them, leading to a significant increase in the incidence of lung cancer in passive smokers.