What are the physical examination items for testicular cancer

Testicular cancer is a disease that occurs in the testicular tissue of men, which is very harmful to men's health. Its early symptoms are not particularly obvious, so it is difficult to detect whether you have testicular cancer. So how to determine whether you have testicular cancer? What are the physical examination items for testicular cancer? Today I will introduce to you the items that need to be examined for testicular cancer.

Testicular cancer usually requires the following tests:

1. Ultrasound examination is of great value in diagnosing diseases of scrotal contents, with a diagnostic accuracy rate of 97%. It can directly and accurately measure the size and shape of testicular cancer. In addition, it has diagnostic value for testicular cancer lymph node metastasis and abdominal organ metastasis.

2. Frontal and lateral chest radiographs to understand the condition of the lungs and mediastinum in patients with testicular cancer.

3. Laboratory examination of tumor markers (tumor markers), AFP, HCG, LDH lactate dehydrogenase, PLAP placental alkaline phosphatase, especially AFP and HCG, provides extremely valuable reference for the diagnosis, staging, monitoring of treatment response and prognosis of testicular germ cells.

4. CT examination is more sensitive in detecting lung metastasis and retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis in patients with testicular cancer. It has replaced intravenous urography and lymphangiography, and can detect lymph node metastases with a diameter of less than 2 cm.

5. Negative results in the translucency test, with no sense of fluctuation. However, a small number of patients with advanced testicular cancer may have effusion or hematoma due to the effect of the tumor on the tunica vaginalis. In the past, some people advocated puncturing and aspirating the effusion in the tunica vaginalis before a careful examination. This is no longer the case, but surgical exploration is advocated to avoid damaging the tumor and causing implantation by piercing the various layers of the tunica vaginalis, which would affect the effect of treating testicular cancer.

6. Scrotal B-ultrasound examination can help confirm the mass in the testicle and is the preferred diagnostic method for clinical testicular cancer. Abdominal and pelvic CT is used to understand the situation of lymph node metastasis, and chest plain film and CT are used to evaluate whether there is lung metastasis. Therefore, abdominal/pelvic CT is an important basis for staging and grading of all testicular cancer patients. In the follow-up after treatment, positron emission tomography (PET) has high sensitivity and specificity for the evaluation of residual tumors after treatment.