Sacrococcygeal teratoma classification

The sacrococcygeal region is not only prone to teratoma, but also a common site for malignant transformation. The incidence of malignancy in all patients is 10% to 20%. Ninety percent of neonatal teratomas are benign. Most sacrococcygeal teratomas are benign and have a complete capsule. The following introduces the classification of sacrococcygeal teratomas.

Sacrococcygeal teratomas are divided into four types according to the Altman method:

1. Type I (exposed type): The most common type. The tumor grows from the coccyx to the buttocks. The tumor is seen in the sacrum and coccyx at birth and varies in size.

2. Type II (internal and external mixed type): The tumor is located in front of the sacrum and grows toward the pelvis and buttocks at the same time.

3. Type III (dumbbell-shaped mixed internal and external type): Type II tumors grow into the pelvic cavity, and the tumors are palpable in the sacrum and coccyx and above the pubic bone, and symptoms of rectal and urethral compression often occur.

4. Type IV (occult type): The tumor is only located in front of the sacrum and grows only toward the pelvic cavity, with no mass visible outside the body.

Treatment of sacrococcygeal teratoma

1. Surgical resection: bowel preparation should be performed before surgery. The tumor and coccyx should be completely removed during surgery. Long-term follow-up should be performed every 3-6 months after surgery.

2. Chemotherapy after surgery for malignant tumors: The VAB regimen can be used, which consists of a combination of vincristine, actinomycin D, bleomycin or cyclophosphamide.