Hereditary endometrial cancer

Hereditary endometrial cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors of the female reproductive system. In many developed countries, its incidence rate continues to rise. In recent years, it has ranked first among gynecological malignancies. Among female malignant tumors, its incidence rate ranks only after lung cancer, breast cancer, and colorectal cancer, and its mortality rate ranks ninth.

The eastern region of my country has a high economic level, and the incidence of endometrial cancer has increased significantly in recent years. Its incidence in the spectrum of tumor diseases is gradually approaching that of cervical cancer.

In the United States, for example, in 1996, there were about 34,000 new cases and about 6,000 deaths from the disease. However, by 2013, there were about 52,600 new cases and 8,200 deaths. There have been many reports on high-risk factors for endometrial cancer, such as obesity, anovulation, delayed menopause, and the use of exogenous estrogen.

In recent years, research on the family history of endometrial cancer patients has received increasing attention. Among hereditary gynecological malignancies, it has been basically confirmed that hereditary ovarian cancer is divided into three types: specific site ovarian cancer, hereditary breast/ovarian cancer syndrome, and hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (this article will be reported in another article).

Although LYNCH et al. have reported on the genetics of endometrial cancer, it was not until the past decade that research on familial endometrial cancer has received increasing attention.