How can uterine cancer be diagnosed?

In our clinical medicine, each disease has its related examination content. Of course, endometrial cancer also has its related examination items. As our female friends, in order to avoid the threat of endometrial cancer to our health, we must understand the examinations related to endometrial cancer in order to better understand this disease so that we can better treat the disease.

1. Hysteroscopy

At present, hysteroscopy has been widely used in the diagnosis of endometrial lesions. Fiber hysteroscopy is the most widely used in China. About 20% of patients with postmenopausal vaginal bleeding have endometrial cancer. The use of hysteroscopy can directly observe the cervical canal and uterine cavity, detect lesions and accurately take biopsies, which can improve the diagnosis rate of biopsy and avoid missed diagnoses by conventional curettage. It can also provide information such as the scope of the lesion and whether the cervical canal is involved, and assist in correct clinical staging before surgery. However, since uterine distension fluid must be injected during hysteroscopy, it may flow into the pelvic cavity through the fallopian tubes, causing cancer cells to spread and affecting the prognosis. This should be noted.

2. Cystoscopy and proctoscopy

It is important to determine whether there is tumor invasion, but biopsy confirmation is required to confirm bladder or rectal involvement.

3. Lymphangiography

Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) show that lymph node metastasis is the main route of spread of endometrial cancer. Literature reports that the lymph node metastasis rate of stage I endometrial cancer is 10.6% and that of stage II endometrial cancer is 36.5%. Lymph node angiography can be used in preoperative examination to predict whether lymph node metastasis is present, but the operation is complicated and puncture is difficult, making it difficult to promote its application in clinical practice. Since the application of the new surgical-pathological staging system of FIG0 in 1989, surgical pathological examination can be used to determine whether lymph node metastasis is present, which can accurately determine the prognosis. The scope of application of lymph node angiography has been narrower than before. CT and MRI are mainly used to understand the uterine cavity, cervical lesions, depth of myometrial invasion, whether lymph nodes are enlarged (more than 2 cm), etc. Due to their high cost, they have not yet been used as routine examinations. At present, it is believed that MRI has great value in providing imaging information such as myometrial invasion and whether retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis, and can be used to guide treatment (FIGO, 2003).

4. B-mode ultrasound examination

In recent years, B-mode ultrasound examination has developed rapidly, especially transvaginal B-mode ultrasound examination, which has been widely used in gynecological clinic (transvaginalultransoundexamination, TVB). It has made certain progress in assisting the diagnosis of endometrial lesions. Transvaginal B-mode ultrasound examination can understand the size of the uterus, the shape of the uterine cavity, the presence of vegetation in the uterine cavity, the thickness of the endometrium, the presence of infiltration and depth of the myometrium (Sahakian, 1991), and provide a reference for clinical diagnosis and pathological sampling (uterine cavity biopsy, or curettage). For postmenopausal women with uterine bleeding, further diagnosis methods can be selected based on the results of transvaginal B-mode ultrasound examination.

These are the relevant examination items for endometrial cancer. I hope everyone can understand these relevant examination contents. Endometrial cancer is a disease that scares our female friends and casts a great shadow on their psychology. In life, everyone must raise their awareness and pay attention to their own physical changes in order to have a healthy body.