Auxiliary examination for early renal cancer

The clinical manifestations of renal cancer vary greatly, and may vary depending on the number of cases, tumor sources, pathological types, locations of occurrence, and duration of the disease. Sometimes the tumor has progressed extensively in the body without any symptoms. There may even be signs of metastasis to the lungs, bones, etc. However, hematuria, back pain, and masses are still the three typical symptoms of renal malignant tumors. There are also many extrarenal manifestations that are not necessary for the urinary system.

Testing
1. Type B ultrasound examination: It is non-invasive, can be examined repeatedly, and can accurately distinguish between cystic lesions and solid space-occupying lesions.
2. CT scan: CT scan can not only correctly distinguish whether the lesion is cystic or solid, but also more vividly reflect the anatomical variations. After the application of contrast agents, it can also understand the function of both kidneys. This item has been listed as a routine examination before renal tumor surgery.
3. Intravenous pyelography: Through excretory urography, not only can the compression of the renal pelvis and calyces caused by renal cancer be seen, but also the function of the contralateral kidney can be understood, which is an important prerequisite for deciding to remove the diseased kidney.
4. Magnetic resonance imaging: According to statistics, the accuracy rate of clinical staging of renal cancer using magnetic resonance imaging can reach 90%.
5. Renal artery angiography and embolization: Renal artery angiography plays an important role in distinguishing renal cysts from renal tumors. Once renal cancer is diagnosed, renal artery embolization is performed at the same time as angiography. Arterial embolization can shrink the tumor, reduce bleeding and cancer thrombus spread during surgery, and also reduce the difficulty of surgery.
6. Laboratory examination: After a large amount of gross hematuria occurs in kidney cancer patients, there will generally be more or less microscopic red blood cells in the urine. Cancer cells can be found in urine cytology examination of some patients, but the positive rate is low.
7. Others: Cystoscopy can be used as an option to see where the hematuria comes from when hematuria occurs.