What are the causes of skin cancer

The incidence of skin cancer in my country is very low, but it is one of the most common malignant tumors among white people, exceeding the sum of all other malignant tumors. The incidence of skin cancer in southern Australia is at least 650/100,000. Among Caucasians in the United States, the incidence of skin cancer is as high as 165/100,000, which is 100 times the incidence in my country. So what are the causes of skin cancer?

① Daily exposure to the sun and ultraviolet radiation: There is sufficient evidence to support that ultraviolet radiation, the protection of human melanin and the interaction of the immune system function lead to the occurrence of skin cancer. When measuring human skin in sunlight, the parts of the skin that receive the most ultraviolet radiation are the head, face, back of the neck, and hands, and squamous cell carcinoma almost all occurs in these parts.

② Chemical carcinogens: About 100 years after Percivall first described the report of chimney sweeps being prone to scrotal skin cancer, people discovered that workers who frequently come into contact with arsenic, tar, and asphalt are prone to skin cancer. Chemical carcinogenesis can be divided into two periods, the initiation period and the promotion period. The initiation period to the induced results are closely related to the exposure limit of special substances or carcinogens, and the progression is irreversible. Cell changes are related to genetics.

③ Ionizing radiation: In the past, skin cancer was caused by radiation workers who neglected protective measures, which led to radiation-induced dry skin. In recent years, due to the improvement of radiation equipment and radiation technology, especially the strengthening of various protective measures, occupational skin cancer has basically disappeared. However, some patients who have received radiotherapy may still develop skin cancer in the radiation field after several years.