Emergency nursing measures for patients with gastric cancer and gastric bleeding

Gastric cancer is a malignant tumor of the digestive tract with a high incidence rate. It is difficult to detect in the early stage. Patients often experience gastric bleeding in the middle and late stages of gastric cancer when the tumor has worsened. The incidence of gastric cancer combined with bleeding is about 30%, of which 7% to 9% is major bleeding. Necessary measures must be taken in time to treat it, so as to avoid adverse consequences or even life-threatening.

1. Emergency treatment : First, let the bleeding patient rest in bed, let the patient keep physically and mentally relaxed, and perform some systemic observations on the patient, especially blood pressure, pulse, amount of bleeding and hourly urine volume, etc., and wait until the patient's mood gradually recovers before further examination and treatment.

2. Blood volume supplement: When the patient's hemoglobin is lower than 9g/dl and the systolic blood pressure is lower than 190mmHg, a sufficient amount of whole blood should be transfused immediately to increase the effective circulating blood volume and improve systemic circulation. Patients with cirrhosis and venous hypertension should beware of the possibility of increased portal vein pressure and re-bleeding due to blood transfusion. Close observation should be made and the amount of blood transfusion should be controlled according to the patient's specific condition. Excessive blood transfusion or infusion should be avoided to avoid causing acute pulmonary edema or inducing re-bleeding.

3. Necessary examinations: Do not neglect the necessary examinations of other organs of the patient while giving blood transfusions. For elderly patients, attention should be paid to the function of important organs such as the heart, brain, lungs, and kidneys. Fiberoptic gastroscopy and treatment under direct gastroscopy were once recognized as the preferred method for diagnosis and treatment of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, but they are often limited to patients with gastric cancer who are bleeding heavily. Transcatheter arterial interventional examination and treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding is characterized by less trauma and rapid and reliable hemostasis, and is currently a commonly used hemostasis method.