What are the main risk factors for bladder cancer?

85% of bladder cancer originates from transitional epithelial cells. There are many related pathogenic factors. Understanding the causes will help to prevent them and stay away from bladder cancer harm.

Occupational contact?

People who work with long-term contact with aromatic substances such as leather, rubber, paint, dyes, and pigments have a higher incidence of bladder cancer. The carcinogens enter the human body and are metabolized in the liver and excreted into the bladder with urine. They are then broken down by 8-glucuronidase into β-aminonaphthalene acid, which is carcinogenic and can easily cause occupational bladder cancer.

Smoking?

Smoking is an accomplice of many cancers. Smokers are three times more likely to develop bladder cancer than non-smokers. Chemical substances in tobacco enter the blood and are filtered by the kidneys and concentrated in the urine, which can cause damage to the bladder and urethra epithelium, and then lead to cancer.

Congenital abnormalities?

The fetus's navel and bladder are connected by the urachus, which usually disappears on its own before birth; if the connection remains after birth, it may cause bladder adenocarcinoma, but this is extremely rare.

Another congenital abnormality is bladder exstrophy, which is the loss of the abdominal wall and the anterior wall of the bladder during development. The inner surface of the posterior wall of the bladder is exposed in the gap of the anterior wall. The bladder is prone to chronic infection, which can lead to bladder adenocarcinoma in the long term.

Chronic inflammation?

Schistosomiasis haematobium is a parasitic disease that can enter the bladder and cause inflammation, leading to bladder squamous cell carcinoma. In addition, factors such as urinary tract infection and urinary stones can cause long-term adverse stimulation to the bladder mucosa and cause cancer.