What to do if liver cancer nodules rupture and bleed

Spontaneous rupture and bleeding of liver cancer is one of the most common complications of liver cancer, with an incidence of approximately 5.46% to 19.8%.

The clinical manifestation of liver cancer rupture and bleeding is upper abdominal pain. Patients with large amounts of bleeding may experience hypotension, shock, ascites and other symptoms within a short period of time. If the bleeding is slow, the clinical symptoms may not be obvious, and only anemia symptoms may be manifested, and it may not be discovered until imaging examination or abdominal puncture.

A considerable number of patients present with abdominal pain and other clinical manifestations similar to acute abdomen as the first symptom, and many of them have already had ruptured liver cancer nodules. Therefore, in clinical practice, if we encounter patients with a history of chronic liver disease, sudden abdominal pain without obvious cause, and uncoagulated blood drawn out by abdominal puncture, and other internal bleeding can be ruled out, the possibility of ruptured liver cancer nodules and bleeding should be considered.

For patients with liver cancer who have been clearly diagnosed, diagnosis is not difficult. B-ultrasound, CT and other imaging examinations can provide direct evidence of liver cancer rupture and bleeding.

Patients with liver cancer rupture and bleeding often have coagulation disorders, and it is difficult to stop bleeding without surgical treatment, and the mortality rate is almost 100%. Therefore, as long as the patient can generally tolerate surgery, we should actively strive for surgical exploration and hemostasis treatment.

Indications for surgery for liver cancer rupture and bleeding:

1. Patients with a clear diagnosis of spontaneous rupture and bleeding of liver cancer accompanied by shock or a rapid drop in hemoglobin in a short period of time.

2. Those who are estimated to be able to undergo liver cancer resection or other effective treatments.

3. Other causes of internal bleeding cannot be ruled out

4. Patients with good liver function compensation, without hepatic encephalopathy, large amount of ascites or other important organ dysfunction.