What are the diagnostic methods for prostate tumors

Prostate cancer is a disease that occurs mostly in young and middle-aged men. Prostate cancer is extremely harmful to patients. If prostate cancer can be detected and treated early, it can be cured. So what are the diagnostic methods for prostate cancer? Let's learn about it together.

Clinical symptoms and signs are very important in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Regular physical examinations can detect early and smaller lesions. Men over 40 years old who are at high risk of disease and men over 50 years old should undergo a careful rectal examination or routine physical examination every year, and should undergo a PSA test.

1. Rectal examination: Rectal examination is the main method for diagnosing prostate tumors. Diagnosis can be obtained in 80% of cases. Rectal examination of patients over 45 years old can detect prostate tumors at an early stage and increase the surgical rate.

2. Microscopic examination: 1) Urine smear to find prostate tumor cells. This method cannot replace prostate biopsy and can only be used as an auxiliary method. 2) Prostate fluid smear cytology. This method has a high accuracy rate (some reports say it can reach 86%). 3) Leukocyte adhesion inhibition test. This test is recognized as a relatively simple and sensitive method for tumor antigen detection.

(3) Biochemical examination: 1) Acid phosphatase (PAP) measurement, which is one of the diagnostic methods for prostate tumors. 2) Bone marrow acid phosphatase (BMAP) measurement. 3) Prostate specific antigen (PSA). 4) Seminal plasma protein (r-Sm) measurement. 5) Serum creatine kinase (CK-BB) measurement. 6) Alkaline phosphatase measurement. 7) Relative enzyme index. 8) Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). 9) Hormone receptor measurement. 10) Immunoprotein analysis. 11) Examination of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme (LDH). 12) Urine polyamine measurement. 13) Urine biochemical hydroxyproline measurement. 14) Plasma zinc measurement and vitamin A/zinc ratio.

4. Ultrasound examination: It can depict the cross-section of the prostate and reflect the extent of the lesion.

5. Radionuclide scanning: often used to diagnose bone metastasis of prostate tumors.

6. Biopsy: 1) Prostate biopsy: Prostate biopsy can provide cytological diagnosis basis, which is of great significance for the diagnosis of early prostate tumors. 2) Bone marrow puncture: Taking bone marrow specimens is another way to evaluate whether prostate tumors have metastasized to the bones.

Although the diagnostic methods for prostate tumors are constantly improving, there is still no most sensitive and reliable method.

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